StudyOS
CBSE Study Material, Class 5–12
StudyOS
CBSE Study Material, Class 5–12
Every CBSE Class 12 Geography board exam question from 2022-2026 that we have on file, sorted by NCERT chapter and then by type: MCQs and assertion-reason, very short, short and long answers, and case studies. Each question is tagged with its year and marks. A question repeated across paper sets appears once. Questions that depend on a figure from the original paper are left out. Questions only, no answers.
Practise each chapter with free notes, mind maps and graded MCQs.
Practise Class 12 Geography →The loudness of the sound is measured in the unit known as :
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both statements carefully and choose the correct option: Assertion (A): There is a strong dichotomy between physical elements and human beings. Reason (R): Nature and human are intricately interwined.
"Neither there is absolute necessity nor there is absolute freedom." The given statement is related to which one of the following concepts?
Read the following sub-fields of social geography carefully and choose the correct option: I. Resource Geography II. Leisure Geography III. Gender Geography IV. Marketing Geography
The concept, 'understanding the parts in totality would lead to understanding of the whole' is concerned with which one of the following approaches of geography?
The concept 'identifying the uniqueness of any region and understanding how it is different from others', is concerned with which one of the following approaches of geography?
To understand the earth surface in geography, which one of the following is inseparable?
You are already aware of the fact that the core concern of geography as a discipline is to understand the earth as home of human beings and to study all those elements, which have sustained them. Thus, emphasis is on study of nature and human beings. You will realise that geography got subjected to dualism and the wide-ranging debates started whether geography as a discipline should be a law making/theorising (nomothetic) or descriptive (idiographic). Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology. It is not important what human beings produce and create but it is Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better understanding of natural laws.
The core concern of geography as a discipline is which one of the following? Choose the most appropriate option.
You are already aware of the fact that the core concern of geography as a discipline is to understand the earth as home of human beings and to study all those elements, which have sustained them. Thus, emphasis is on study of nature and human beings. You will realise that geography got subjected to dualism and the wide-ranging debates started whether geography as a discipline should be a law making/theorising (nomothetic) or descriptive (idiographic). Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology. It is not important what human beings produce and create but it is Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better understanding of natural laws.
Which one of the following helped human beings to develop high order of technology? Choose the most appropriate option.
You are already aware of the fact that the core concern of geography as a discipline is to understand the earth as home of human beings and to study all those elements, which have sustained them. Thus, emphasis is on study of nature and human beings. You will realise that geography got subjected to dualism and the wide-ranging debates started whether geography as a discipline should be a law making/theorising (nomothetic) or descriptive (idiographic). Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology. It is not important what human beings produce and create but it is Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better understanding of natural laws.
The core concern of geography as a discipline is which one of the following ? Choose the most appropriate option.
Relation Between Humans and their Physical Environment You are already aware of the fact that the core concern of geography as a discipline is to understand the earth as home of human beings and to study all those elements, which have sustained them. Thus, emphasis is on study of nature and human beings. You will realise that geography got subjected to dualism and the wide-ranging debates started whether geography as a discipline should be a law making/theorising (nomothetic) or descriptive (idiographic). Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology. It is not important what human beings produce and create but it is Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better understanding of natural laws.
Which one of the following helped human beings to develop high order of technology ? Choose the most appropriate option.
Relation Between Humans and their Physical Environment You are already aware of the fact that the core concern of geography as a discipline is to understand the earth as home of human beings and to study all those elements, which have sustained them. Thus, emphasis is on study of nature and human beings. You will realise that geography got subjected to dualism and the wide-ranging debates started whether geography as a discipline should be a law making/theorising (nomothetic) or descriptive (idiographic). Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology. It is not important what human beings produce and create but it is Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better understanding of natural laws.
To understand the earth surface in geography, which one of the following is inseparable ?
Relation Between Humans and their Physical Environment You are already aware of the fact that the core concern of geography as a discipline is to understand the earth as home of human beings and to study all those elements, which have sustained them. Thus, emphasis is on study of nature and human beings. You will realise that geography got subjected to dualism and the wide-ranging debates started whether geography as a discipline should be a law making/theorising (nomothetic) or descriptive (idiographic). Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology. It is not important what human beings produce and create but it is Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better understanding of natural laws.
Examine the relationships between the 'unresting man' and 'unstable earth'.
Examine the relationships between 'human societies' and 'earth surface'.
Examine the relationships between 'physical environment and human beings'.
Explain the concept of 'neo-determinism'.
Explain the concept of possibilism with example.
Explain the concept of 'environmental determinism' with example.
''Human beings directly depend on nature for resources.'' Justify the statement with an example.
''Technology indicates the level of cultural development of a society.'' Justify the statement with example.
''Nature and humans are inseparable elements and should be seen holistically.'' Justify the statement with example.
Explain the inter-relationship between physical and socio-cultural environment.
Explain the concept of 'environmental determinism'.
Explain the concept of 'possibilism' in geography.
Examine the concept of naturalisation of humans.
Explain the regional analysis approach of human geography.
Explain the spatial organisation approach of human geography.
Explain with example the concept of environmental determinism.
Explain the criticisms faced by the World Trade Organization.
How have human beings been able to overcome natural obstacles through technology? Analyse.
(a) Analyse the concept of environmental determinism in Human Geography.
How have people overcome natural obstacles through technology? Analyse.
Neo-determinism attempts to bring a balance between the two concepts of human-environment relationship. Explain this statement with examples.
Nature and man are inseparable elements. Explain this statement with examples.
Human Geography is a comprehensive study of the relationships between human societies and the Earth's surface. Examine this statement with examples.
Evaluate the statement in context of humanization of nature that humans have developed better understanding of the rules of nature.
In all geographical studies, nature and human beings are inseparable. Explain the statement.
Explain the main characteristics of Neodeterminism.
In all geographical studies, emphasis is laid on the relationship between nature and human. Explain this statement.
Explain Systematic or Regional approach to the study of Geography.
Explain the statement: 'Industrialisation developed only after understanding the laws of nature more closely.'
Evaluate the statement: Industrial development has been made possible only after understanding the laws of nature better.
Evaluate the statement in the context of naturalization of humans.
How many of the listed countries fall under Asian continent?
China and Brazil together account for what percentage of the world population?
Who among the following stated that 'Asia has many places where people are few and few places where people are very many' ?
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option: Assertion (A): River valleys are sparsely populated areas of the world. Reason (R): Water is the most important factor for life.
Which one of the following is a push factor of 'migration' ?
Which one of the following is a pull factor of 'migration' ?
Which one of the following stages of demographic transition theory is an indicative of primitive stage?
The highest difference between the crude birth rate and crude death rate is observed in which one of the following stages of demographic transition theory?
Net increase in population during third stage of demographic transition theory is low due to which one of the following reasons?
Which one of the following stage is related to the first stage of demographic transition theory? Read the statements and choose the correct option. I. Stagnant phase of population growth II. Low or negative net growth of population III. Rapid fall in the mortality rate IV. Poor health and medical services
Identify the characteristic of the third stage of demographic transition theory and choose the correct option. I. Stagnant phase of population growth II. Low or negative net growth of population III. Rapid fall in the mortality rate IV. Poor health and medical services
Which among the following stage/stages has/have high growth of population ?
Stages of Demographic Transition Theory The first stage of demographic transition theory has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply. The population growth is slow and most of the people are engaged in agriculture, where large families are an asset. Life expectancy is low, people are mostly illiterate and have low levels of technology. Two hundred years ago, all the countries of the world were in this stage. Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage but it declines with time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality. Because of this gap, the net addition to population is high. In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanized, literate and has high technical know-how and deliberately controls the family size. This shows that human beings are extremely flexible and are able to adjust their fertility. In the present day, different countries are at different stages of demographic transition.
Which of the following stage/stages has/have a slow growth of population ?
Stages of Demographic Transition Theory The first stage of demographic transition theory has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply. The population growth is slow and most of the people are engaged in agriculture, where large families are an asset. Life expectancy is low, people are mostly illiterate and have low levels of technology. Two hundred years ago, all the countries of the world were in this stage. Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage but it declines with time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality. Because of this gap, the net addition to population is high. In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanized, literate and has high technical know-how and deliberately controls the family size. This shows that human beings are extremely flexible and are able to adjust their fertility. In the present day, different countries are at different stages of demographic transition.
Choose the most appropriate option from the following regarding components of population change :
Stages of Demographic Transition Theory The first stage of demographic transition theory has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply. The population growth is slow and most of the people are engaged in agriculture, where large families are an asset. Life expectancy is low, people are mostly illiterate and have low levels of technology. Two hundred years ago, all the countries of the world were in this stage. Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage but it declines with time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality. Because of this gap, the net addition to population is high. In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanized, literate and has high technical know-how and deliberately controls the family size. This shows that human beings are extremely flexible and are able to adjust their fertility. In the present day, different countries are at different stages of demographic transition.
Read the following factors of migration carefully and choose the correct option related to pull factors: I. Peace and stability II. Unfavourable climate III. Protection of property IV. Economic backwardness
Read the following factors of migration carefully and choose the correct pull factors related to migration: I. Peace and stability II. Protection of property III. Epidemics IV. Unpleasant climate
Read the following factors of migration carefully and choose the correct option related to pull factors: I. Peace and stability II. Protection of property III. Epidemics IV. Unpleasant climate
Which one of the following factors is an economic factor affecting the distribution of population in the world ?
Which one of the following is a social factor affecting the distribution of population?
Which one among the following is the least populous country ?
Which one of the following is a thickly populated region ?
Which among the following countries is the most populous country?
Which among the following is an economic factor responsible for uneven distribution of population in the world ?
Read the following statements regarding objectives of family planning and choose the correct option: I. Control the birth rate II. Spacing the birth of children III. To improve the health of women IV. Reducing the death rate of children
Read the following statements regarding objectives of family planning and choose the correct option: I. Control the birth rate II. Spacing the birth of children III. Better health of women IV. Reducing the death rate of children
Read the following statements regarding objectives of family planning and choose the correct option: I. Control the birth rate II. Spacing the birth of children III. Improving the health of mothers IV. Reducing the death rate of children
Which one of the following is related to push factor of migration ?
Which one of the following is the push factor responsible for migration ?
Explain the main characteristics of Stage I of the Demographic Transition Theory on the bases of birth rate, death rate and growth of population.
Explain the third stage of demographic transition theory on the basis of birth rate, death rate and population growth.
Explain, with examples, any three economic factors affecting population distribution in the world.
Explain with examples, any three physical factors affecting the distribution of world population.
How does science and technology help in the increase of population in the world? Explain.
How do landforms affect the distribution of world population? Explain.
Explain the stages of demographic transition theory in the world.
Explain migration as a component of population change in the world.
Explain any three physical factors influencing the distribution of population in the world.
How do the 'landforms' and 'urbanisation' influence the distribution of world population? Explain with examples.
How do climate and mineral mining influence the distribution of world population? Explain with examples.
Explain the economic factors affecting the distribution of world population.
Analyse the factors affecting the population change in the world.
Describe the use of 'demographic transition theory' and explain its different stages.
Analyse the factors influencing the distribution of population in the world.
Analyse any five factors influencing the distribution of world population.
Explain the economic and socio-cultural factors affecting the population distribution in the world.
How is migration an important component of population change? Distinguish between push and pull factors of migration.
Define migration. Differentiate between pull and push factors of population migration.
Examine the geographical factors that influence distribution of population in the world.
Examine with examples the different stages of demographic transition theory.
Read the following characteristics of 'growth' carefully and choose the correct option: I. Growth is quantitative change over time. II. Growth always leads to development. III. Growth is a value neutral concept. IV. Growth has positive or negative value.
Which of the following statements related to the concept of 'development' are correct? Choose the appropriate option.
Which of the following statements related to the concept of 'development' are correct? Choose the appropriate option. I. Development means positive change in life. II. When positive growth is there, it is development. III. When quantity is greater, it is development. IV. Development is always relative to value.
Match column-I with column-II correctly and choose the appropriate option: a. Income Approach - i. Proposed by International Labour Organisation b. Welfare Approach - ii. Health, education and access to resources – key factors c. Basic Needs Approach - iii. It is one of the oldest approach d. Capability Approach - iv. Human being – targeted beneficiaries
Congo comes under which one of the following categories of human development?
Which of the following European country falls under very high category of human development?
Which of the following is one of the main objectives of 'human development' ? Choose the most appropriate option.
Which of the following aspects are true regarding the countries with low level of 'human development' ? Choose the most appropriate option. I. These countries are largely facing political turmoil. II. These countries are facing social instability. III. The number of countries in the low level category is the largest. IV. The health status of the people of these countries is poor.
Which one of the following countries is ranked the best in Human Development Index ?
Arrange the following countries in descending order of their HDI and choose the correct option. I. Mauritius II. Singapore III. Sweden IV. Venezuela
Why do some countries keep on maintaining a high level of 'human development' ? Choose the most appropriate option :
Match Column I with Column II correctly and choose the appropriate option: Column I (Level of Human Development) - a. Very High, b. High, c. Medium, d. Low; Column II (Country) - i. Bulgaria, ii. Nigeria, iii. Switzerland, iv. Venezuela
Who among the following is associated with 'capability approach' to human development?
Which one of the following is associated with 'Basic Needs Approach' to human development?
Who among the following considered an increase in freedom of the people as the main objective of human development?
concept was given by which one of the following ?
Which one of the following is correct about growth and development?
Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option. Column-I (Pillars of Human Development): a. Equity, b. Sustainability, c. Productivity, d. Empowerment. Column-II (Characteristics): i. Providing better health facilities to everyone, ii. Good governance and people-oriented policies, iii. Each generation must ensure the availability of choices and opportunities to its future generations, iv. Equal access of opportunities for everyone.
In which one of the following approaches of human development are human beings the targets of all developmental activities? Choose the most appropriate option.
Arrange the following countries from low to high order of Human Development Index value and choose the correct option. I. Singapore II. Germany III. Mexico IV. Israel
Choose the correctly matched pair.
Arrange the following countries from low to high order of Human Development Index value and choose the correct option. I. Singapore II. Germany III. Mexico IV. Israel
Human Development Index (2021): 1. Israel 0.919 2. Mexico 0.758 3. Switzerland 0.962 4. Singapore 0.939 5. Cuba 0.764 6. Austria 0.916 7. Germany 0.942 8. Chile 0.855
Health as an indicator of Human Development Index is assessed under which one of the following ?
Which of the following countries was at the highest rank in Human Development Index in 2020?
Building human capacities in the areas of health, education and access to resources is related to which one of the following approaches of human development?
Which of the following approaches of Human Development?
Which one of the following is an approach of Human Development?
International Labour Organisation initiated which one of the following approaches of Human Development?
International Labour Organisation (ILO) proposed which dimension of human development?
Which one of the following countries has the highest rank in Human Development Index ?
Which one of the following countries comes under very high category in HDI?
India is in which category of human development?
Examine the importance of 'sustainability' as a pillar of 'human development'.
Examine the importance of 'productivity' as a pillar of 'human development'.
Explain the concept of 'productivity' as a pillar of human development.
Examine the importance of 'empowering people' as a pillar of 'human development'.
Explain the statement: Human development is a multidimensional concept.
(a) The ways to measure human development are constantly being refined.
Explain the characteristics of countries falling under medium level of human development.
Methods of measuring human development keep on changing. Justify this statement with suitable arguments.
A meaningful life is not just a long one. It must be a life with some purpose. Justify the statement with examples.
Explain any three causes for the low level of human development in some countries of the world.
Explain the concept of human development as proposed by Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq.
Differentiate between growth and development by citing examples.
Explain the different dimensions of human development.
How is the Human Development Index measured ? Explain key areas of human development.
Name the economist who emphasised on the freedom of choices as the main objective of human development. Explain the four pillars of human development.
Name the organisation that publishes the Human Development Report every year for the countries. Explain any four components of Human Development.
Describe the dimension and infrastructure requirements of human development.
Describe income and welfare approaches to human development.
Describe the concepts of sustainability and productivity in the context of human development.
Case study · CBSE 2025
Access to resources, health and education are the key areas in human development. Suitable indicators have been developed to measure each of these aspects. Very often, people do not have the capability and freedom to make even basic choices. This may be due to their inability to acquire knowledge, their material poverty, social discrimination, inefficiency of institutions and other reasons. This prevents them from leading healthy lives, being able to get educated or to have the means to live a decent life. access to resources is therefore, important in enlarging their choices. If people do not have capabilities in these areas, their choices also get limited. For example, an uneducated child cannot make the choice to be a doctor because her choice has got limited by her lack of education. Similarly, very often poor people cannot choose to take medical treatment for disease because their choice is limited by their lack of resources.
(18.1) Name any two areas of human development.
Case study · CBSE 2025
Human Development Access to resources, health and education are the key areas in human development. Suitable indicators have been developed to measure each of these aspects. Very often, people do not have the capability and freedom to make even basic choices. This may be due to their inability to acquire knowledge, their material poverty, social discrimination, inefficiency of institutions and other reasons. This prevents them from leading healthy lives, being able to get educated or to have the means to live a decent life. access to resources is therefore, important in enlarging their choices. If people do not have capabilities in these areas, their choices also get limited. For example, an uneducated child cannot make the choice to be a doctor because her choice has got limited by her lack of education. Similarly, very often poor people cannot choose to take medical treatment for disease because their choice is limited by their lack of resources.
(19.1) Name any two areas of human development.
Name any two areas of human development.
Which one of the following is the low latitudes zone of subsistence gathering practiced in the world?
Which one of the following is the subsistence gathering zone in the high latitudes ?
In which one of the following countries, the 'slash and burn cultivation' is known as 'Milpa'?
Which one of the following types of farming is most labour intensive?
Which one of the following is the least labour intensive cultivation methods?
Read the following statements about 'agribusiness' carefully and choose the correct option: I. It is a commercial farming on an industrial scale. II. Its raw materials are received from forests. III. It is highly structured, mechanised and large in size. IV. Its example is tea plantation.
In which of the following regions, 'dairy farming' is well-developed ?
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Developing countries are more involved in mining and processing of minerals. Reason (R): The economies of these countries are primarily based on service sector.
Read the following statements about 'open-cast mining' and choose the correct option: I. It is the cheapest way of mining. II. It occurs close to the surface. III. It requires specially designed drilling machines. IV. Safety equipment is relatively low.
Read the following statements related to plantation agriculture carefully and choose the correct option. I. It requires good transportation system. II. It needs large capital investment. III. It is a single crop specialisation. IV. It is best developed in Eurasian Steppes.
Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct option. I. Generally gathering is practised in the regions with harsh climatic conditions. II. In modern times, some gathering is market-oriented. III. Denmark is a classical example of gathering activities. IV. Gathering is practised mostly by primitive societies.
Read the following statements related to the correct option. I. It is market-oriented and has become commercial. II. Hunting is an unsustainable activity. III. People collect valuable plants and after simple processing sell them. IV. People selected and domesticated animals found in the regions. Which option is correct?
Identify the type of agriculture predominantly practised in the Australian Downs.
Read the following statements related to intensive subsistence. I. Land holdings are very small under it. II. Use of machinery is limited under it. III. It is practised largely in Central Asia. IV. The yield per unit area is high, but per labour productivity is low.
Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option: Column I (Area): 1. Tropical Africa 2. Asiatic Deserts 3. Mountainous areas of Tibet 4. Sub-Arctic areas Column II (Animal Domestication): (i) Camel (ii) Cattle (iii) Reindeer (iv) Llamas
Which one of the following activities comes under primary sector ?
In which one of the following countries has co-operative farming been the most successful?
Which one of the following types of agriculture is concerned with the production of a single crop?
Truck farming is related to which one of the following?
Which one of the following is a commercial grain farming region?
Fodder crops are an important component of which among the following types of agriculture ?
Which is the main commercial grain farming region among the following?
Which among the following is an important speciality of the Mediterranean agriculture?
In which of the following countries has the movement of co-operative farming been most successful?
Which one of the following features is correct regarding the gathering and hunting activities ?
Which one of the following features is correct regarding nomadic herding ?
Which among the following is an important region for commercial livestock rearing?
Which one of the following is an important region for subsistence gathering ?
Explain the characteristics of extensive subsistence agriculture.
"The earliest human beings depended on their immediate environment for their sustenance." Examine the statement with reference to hunting and gathering.
''Mixed agriculture is practised in the developed parts of the world.'' Support the statement with examples.
''Per person yield is high in extensive commercial grain farming.'' Support the statement with examples.
''The developed economies are retreating from mining and processing.'' Support the statement with examples.
Analyse the main features of mixed farming in the world.
Analyse the main features of extensive commercial grain cultivation in the world.
Describe any five features of plantation agriculture in the world.
Explain any five features of mixed farming in the world with examples.
Analyze the main features of Plantation Agriculture in the world.
Analyse the main features of Plantation Agriculture in the world.
(b) Describe any five features of extensive commercial grain farming in the world.
Explain any five characteristics of plantation agriculture in the world.
Mention the major area of commercial livestock rearing in Argentina.
Case study · CBSE 2023
Methods of Mining Depending on the mode of occurrence and the nature of the ore, mining is of two types: surface and underground mining. The surface mining also known as open-cast mining is the easiest and the cheapest way of mining minerals that occur close to the surface. Overhead costs such as safety precautions and equipment are relatively low in this method. The output is both large and rapid. When the ore lies deep below the surface, underground mining method (shaft method) has to be used. In this method, vertical shafts have to be sunk, from where underground galleries radiate to reach the minerals. Minerals are extracted and transported to the surface through these passages. It requires specially designed lifts, drills, haulage vehicles, ventilation system for safety and efficient movement of people and material. This method is risky. Poisonous gases, fires, floods and caving in lead to fatal accidents. Have you ever read about mine fires and flooding of coal mines in India? The developed economies are retreating from mining, processing and refining stages of production due to high labour costs, while the developing countries with large labour force and striving for higher standard of living are becoming more important. Several countries of Africa and few of South America and Asia have over fifty percent of the earnings from minerals alone.
(19.1) Explain the main difference between surface and underground mining.
Explain the main difference between surface and underground mining.
Which one of the following is an example of non-metallic mineral based industry?
Foot-loose industries are located _____
Which of the following are the true characteristics of cottage manufacturing ? Choose the most appropriate option. I. The artisans use local raw materials. II. The products of these units are supplied at distant markets. III. Most of the times, the family members work in these units. IV. The finished products like mats, bricks, pottery, etc. are some important examples.
Which of the following is a product of forest-based industry ?
Which of the following factors are involved in large-scale manufacturing ? Choose the most appropriate option. I. Variety of raw material II. Advanced technology III. Semi-skilled worker IV. Large investment
Read the following features of private sector industries carefully and choose the most appropriate option. I. These are managed by the government. II. These types of industries provide large employment. III. These are owned by individual investors. IV. Their main motive is to earn more profit.
Read the following characteristics related to chemical-based industries carefully and choose the most appropriate option. I. These industries use natural chemical minerals. II. Some of the items used in these industries are petroleum, salts, sulphur, etc. III. Many chemical-based industries use non-metallic minerals. IV. All chemical-based industries are under government control.
Read the following features of public sector industries carefully and choose the most appropriate option. I. Most of the heavy industries come under public sector in India. II. Establishing these types of industries is easy. III. Most of these types of industries are owned and managed by the government. IV. They provide large number of employment.
Read the following characteristics related to small scale manufacturing industries carefully and choose the most appropriate option. I. Workshop/manufacturing units are located outside the home. II. These types of industries uses local raw materials. III. Highly skilled workers are required in this type of industries. IV. These types of industries raise local purchasing power.
Read the following characteristics of 'cottage industries' carefully and choose the most appropriate option: I. These are the smallest manufacturing units. II. Artisans use local raw materials in these units. III. All craftsmen use electrically powered simple tools for production. IV. The products of these industries are mostly for own consumption or for local markets.
Which one of the following is an example of forest-based industry ?
Which one of the following is an example of 'agro-based industry' ?
Read the following characteristics of 'chemical-based industries' carefully and choose the most appropriate option. I. Such industries use natural chemical minerals. II. Such industries are also based on raw materials obtained from wood and coal. III. All such industries are put into large-scale industries. IV. Synthetic fiber, plastic manufacturing, etc. are some examples of these types of industry.
Which one of the following factors affects the most for location of 'foot loose industries' ?
Which one of the following is an example of 'technopolies' ?
Read the following characteristics of 'manufacturing industries' carefully and choose the most appropriate option. I. These include the production of goods. II. These include the production of services also. III. These are done by using power source and machines. IV. Handicrafts and moulding iron and steel etc. are some examples.
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Foot loose industries can be located in a wide variety of places. Reason (R): Location of foot loose industries is determined by transport network accessibility.
Identify the sector concerned with the work of converting raw materials into finished products.
Identify the sector concerned with the work of converting raw material into finished products.
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Industries based on cheap, bulky and weight-losing material are located close to the sources of raw materials. Reason (R): It is followed to reduce the cost of products.
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Assertion (A): Industries based on cheap, bulky and weight-losing material are located close to the sources of raw material. Reason (R): It is followed to reduce the cost of products. Choose the correct option.
Synthetic fibre and plastic manufacturing is an example of which one of the following ?
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option: Assertion (A): Foot loose industries can be located in a wide variety of places. Reason (R): The important factor in the location of foot loose industries is accessibility by transport network.
Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option: Column I (Industry): 1. Agro-based 2. Forest-based 3. Chemical-based 4. Product-based Column II (Example): (i) Soaps (ii) Salts (iii) Lac (iv) Vegetable oil
Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option: Column I (Industry) - Column II (Example) 1. Agro-based - (i) Soaps 2. Forest-based - (ii) Salts 3. Chemical-based - (iii) Lac 4. Product-based - (iv) Vegetable oil
Which one of the following features is correct about cottage industries?
Which one of the following features is correct about large scale industries?
Which of the following industries produce raw material for other industries?
Which of the following is not the feature of small scale industries?
Which among the following is an agro based industry?
Read the following features of cottage manufacturing and choose the correct option: I. Place of manufacturing outside the home II. It is the smallest unit of manufacturing III. Use local raw materials IV. Simple tools are used
Which one of the following is a major polluting industry?
Why is the labour supply rate significant for industries? Explain.
Explain any two features of manufacturing process.
What is the significance of raw materials for industries? Explain.
Explain the main reasons for uneven distribution of modern manufacturing industries in the world.
Modern manufacturing is concentrated in only a few number of places in the world. Explain this statement with examples.
(a) Modern manufacturing in the world is concentrated in a few number of places. Justify this statement with examples.
Modern manufacturing is concentrated in a few number of places in the world. Justify this statement with examples.
"Industries should be located at points where the production costs are minimum." Examine the statement with suitable arguments.
Classify industries on the basis of size and explain the significance of manufacturing industries.
"There are many factors affecting the location of industries." Examine the main factors in favour of the statement.
Manufacturing industries are classified on several bases. Examine the main bases of classification in favour of the statement.
Explain how agglomerisation of industries leads to their concentration in specific regions.
Explain the significance of mineral-based industries in development.
Explain the classification of industries on the basis of raw materials with examples.
Explain the difference between cottage and large scale industries in the world, with examples.
Explain any five factors affecting the location of industries in the world.
Explain five types of industries classified on the basis of raw materials.
Analyse five main factors affecting location of industries in the world.
Examine the major characteristics of modern large scale manufacturing in the world.
Case study · CBSE 2022
The large integrated steel industry is traditionally located close to the sources of raw materials iron-ore, coal, manganese and limestone or at places where these could be easily brought, e.g., near ports. But in mini steel mills, access to markets is more important than inputs. These are less expensive to build and operate and can be located near markets because of the abundance of scrap metal, which is the main input. Traditionally, most of the steel was produced at large integrated plants, but mini mills are limited to just one-step process steel making and are gaining ground.
Mention the main factor affecting location of large integrated steel industry.
Case study · CBSE 2022
Steel Industry: The large integrated steel industry is traditionally located close to the sources of raw materials — iron-ore, coal, manganese and limestone — or at places where these could be easily brought, e.g., near ports. But in mini steel mills, access to markets is more important than inputs. These are less expensive to build and operate and can be located near markets because of the abundance of scrap metal, which is the main input. Traditionally, most of the steel was produced at large integrated plants, but mini mills are limited to just one-step process — steel making — and are gaining ground.
Mention the main factor affecting location of large integrated steel industry.
Read the following statements carefully regarding 'tertiary activities' and choose the correct option:
Choose the correctly matched pair from the following.
Which one of the following statements is true regarding 'medical tourism' in India?
Read the following statements carefully regarding 'tertiary activities' and choose the correct option: I. Tertiary activities include both production and exchange of services. II. Tertiary activities involve the commercial output of services. III. Tertiary activities are directly involved in the processing of raw material. IV. The examples of tertiary activities are – plumber, doctor, publisher.
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The history and art of any area have potential attractiveness for the tourists. Reason (R): Tourists visit ancient archaeological sites and enjoy exploring castles and palaces.
Which of the following sector is involved in the highest level of decision making ?
Which of the following statements are true regarding rural marketing centres ? Choose the most appropriate option: I. These market centres cater to nearby settlements. II. These serve as the trading centres of most rudimentary type. III. At these centres, personal and professional services are well-developed. IV. At these centres, most of the services are retail in nature.
Which of the following characteristics are true regarding urban marketing centres? Choose the correct option. I. Urban marketing centres provide ordinary as well as specialised goods and services. II. These centres are specialised for high end users. III. They provide well-developed personal and professional services that are affordable to general masses. IV. Most of these centres are specialised in education, medicine and other services.
Identify the correct option related to transport services from the following.
The statements given below describe communication services. Identify the most appropriate characteristics of telecommunication from the following.
Identify the most appropriate characteristic of chain stores from the following.
Which of the following statements best describes retail trade?
Choose the correct statement related to periodic markets in rural areas.
Which statement correctly describes wholesale trading?
Consumption of information-based services come under which one of the following sectors?
Read the following characteristics of tertiary activities carefully and choose the correct option. I. It is involved in processing of physical raw materials. II. It is an output of services. III. Many of the services are highly specialised. IV. Electrician, doctor, lawyer, driver are some of its examples.
Read the following characteristics of workforce carefully, where work is performed through outsourcing and choose the correct option. I. Availability of cheap and skilled workers. II. Good English language skill of involved workforce. III. Highly-skilled well-paid professionals. IV. Facility of customer support and call centre services.
Automatic vending machines and the internet are examples of which of the following types of trade?
Read the following characteristics of tertiary activities carefully and choose the correct option. I. Tertiary activities include all types of services. II. Trade, transport and communication are parts of tertiary activities. III. Raw material is transformed into finished goods under tertiary activities. IV. Teachers, lawyers and traders are some of the examples of tertiary activities.
Which one of the following is able to purchase merchandise more economically, by contacting the manufacturers to produce the goods according to their specification ?
Production of information is related to which one of the following sectors?
Read the following characteristics of retail trading carefully and choose the correct option: I. This is concerned with the sale of goods directly to the consumers. II. Most of the retail trading takes place in fixed establishments or stores. III. It is formed by many middlemen, traders and suppliers. IV. Hawkers, street peddling, automatic vending machines, etc. are its examples.
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option: Assertion (A): Manpower is an important component of the service sector. Reason (R): Most of the tertiary activities are performed by skilled labour and professionally trained experts.
Two statements are given below as I and II. Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option: Statement I: Most of the quaternary activities can be outsourced. Statement II: These services are not necessarily based on resources and market.
Which of the following is a tertiary activity?
Which of the following is a quaternary activity?
Transport activities come under which one of the following sectors?
Which of the following is a quarternary activity?
Retail trading comes under which of the following activities ?
Differentiate between Departmental stores and Chain stores stating two differences.
What is the significance of transport and communication for industries? Explain.
Explain why quaternary activities are based on specialised skills, experience and knowledge of workers.
Skilled manpower is an important component of the service sector. Explain the statement.
Explain why all forms of transport are also referred to as lines of communication.
Explain any three attractions of tourism in the world.
Why are higher percentage of workers employed in services in more developed countries? Explain with examples.
How does distribution differ from transport? Explain with examples.
Examine the activities of periodic markets of rural areas.
Quaternary activities are based on specialised knowledge and skill. Justify the statement by giving suitable arguments.
India holds a significant place in medical tourism in the world. Justify the statement by giving suitable arguments.
Communication services involve the transmission of words and messages, facts and ideas. Justify the statement by giving suitable arguments.
Define the term 'outsourcing'. Explain the benefits of outsourcing for developing countries.
Case study · CBSE 2026
The Quaternary Sector. The Quaternary Sector along with the Tertiary Sector has replaced most of the primary and secondary employment as the basis for economic growth. Over half of all workers in developed economies are in the 'Knowledge Sector' and there has been a very high growth in demand for consumption of information-based services from mutual fund managers to tax consultants, software developers and statisticians. Personnel working in office buildings, elementary schools and university classrooms, hospitals and doctors' offices, theatres, accounting and brokerage firms all belong to this category of services. Like some of the tertiary functions, quaternary activities can also be outsourced. They are not tied to resources, affected by the environment, or necessarily localised by market.
18.1 Define the concept of 'outsourcing'.
Case study · CBSE 2026
The Quaternary Sector along with the Tertiary Sector has replaced most of the primary and secondary employment as the basis for economic growth. Over half of all workers in developed economies are in the 'Knowledge Sector' and there has been a very high growth in demand for consumption of information-based services from mutual fund managers to tax consultants, software developers and statisticians. Personnel working in office buildings, elementary schools and university classrooms, hospitals and doctors' offices, theatres, accounting and brokerage firms all belong to this category of services. Like some of the tertiary functions, quaternary activities can also be outsourced. They are not tied to resources, affected by the environment, or necessarily localised by market.
Define the concept of 'outsourcing'.
Case study · CBSE 2025
There are many professionals who provide their services against payment of their fee. Thus, all types of services are special skills provided in exchange of payments. Health, education, law, governance and recreation, etc., require professional skills. These services require other theoretical knowledge and practical training. Tertiary activities are related to the service sector. Manpower is an important component of the service sector as most of the tertiary activities are performed by skilled labour, professionally trained experts and consultants. In the initial stages of economic development, larger proportion of people worked in the primary sector. In a developed economy, the majority of workers get employment in tertiary activity and a moderate proportion is employed in the secondary sector.
Describe any one example of the relationship between primary and secondary sectors.
Explain any one difference between secondary and tertiary sectors.
How can a person avail services of a professional?
Case study · CBSE 2024
Services Services occur at many different levels. Some are geared to industry, some to people, and some to both industry and people, e.g., the transport systems. Services, such as grocery shops and laundries are more common and widespread than high-order services or more specialized ones like those of accountants, consultants and physicians. Services are provided to individual consumers who can afford to pay for them. For example, the gardener, the launderers and the barber do primarily physical labour. Teachers, lawyers, physicians, musicians and others perform mental labour. Many services have now been regulated. Making and maintaining highways and bridges, maintaining fire fighting departments and supplying or supervising education and customer care are among the important services most often supervised or performed by governments or companies. State and Union legislation have established corporations to supervise and control the marketing of such services as transport, telecommunication, energy and water supply. Professional services are primarily health care, engineering, law and management. The location of recreational and entertainment services depends on the market.
(18.1) Mention any one example of common and widespread services.
Mention any one example of common and widespread services.
Case study · CBSE 2024
Services occur at many different levels. Some are geared to industry, some to people, and some to both industry and people, e.g., the transport systems. Services, such as grocery shops and laundries are more common and widespread than high-order services or more specialized ones like those of accountants, consultants and physicians. Services are provided to individual consumers who can afford to pay for them. For example, the gardener, the launderers and the barber do primarily physical labour. Teachers, lawyers, physicians, musicians and others perform mental labour. Many services have now been regulated. Making and maintaining highways and bridges, maintaining fire fighting departments and supplying or supervising education and customer care are among the important services most often supervised or performed by governments or companies. State and Union legislation have established corporations to supervise and control the marketing of such services as transport, telecommunication, energy and water supply. Professional services are primarily health care, engineering, law and management. The location of recreational and entertainment services depends on the market.
(18.1) Mention any one example of common and widespread services.
Case study · CBSE 2023
When you fall ill you go to your family doctor or you call a doctor. Sometimes your parents take you to a hospital for treatment. While in school, you are taught by your teachers. In the event of any dispute, legal opinion is obtained from a lawyer. Likewise, there are many professionals who provide their services against payment of their fee. Thus, all types of services are special skills provided in exchange of payments. Health, education, law, governance and recreation etc. require professional skills. These services require other theoretical knowledge and practical training. Tertiary activities are related to the service sector. Manpower is an important component of the service sector as most of the tertiary activities are performed by skilled labour, professionally trained experts and consultants. In the initial stages of economic development, larger proportion of people worked in the primary sector. In a developed economy, the majority of workers get employment in tertiary activity and a moderate proportion is employed in the secondary sector.
(18.1) Explain the main difference between secondary and tertiary activities.
Explain the main difference between secondary and tertiary activities.
Arrange the following sea ports from Europe to India before the operation of Suez Canal and choose the correct option. I. Cape Town II. Mombasa III. London IV. Mumbai
Arrange the following stations of Trans-Siberian Railway from west to east locations and choose the correct option. I. Chita II. Moscow III. Omsk IV. Kazan
Arrange the following sea ports connecting the western part of United States of America (USA) to western Europe and choose the correct option. I. Honolulu II. London III. San Francisco IV. Colon
Which one of the following is the busiest oceanic route in the world?
Which of the following sea route connects Vancouver and Yokohama?
Which one of the following waterways is related to United States of America?
Which one of the following is known as Big Inch Pipeline?
Study the following statements and choose the correct option: Statement I: With the digitisation of information, telecommunication slowly merged with computers. Statement II: It resulted in integrated networks termed as Internet.
Which one of the following sea routes is the busiest in the world?
Explain the importance of the 'Northern Atlantic Sea Route'.
"Railway is the mode of land transport for bulky goods and passengers over long distances." In the context of this statement, explain the significance of railways in the world.
Roads play a vital role in trade and commerce of a country across the world. Support the statement with examples.
Name the canal connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Explain its main features.
Name the canal linking the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Explain its main features.
Explain the characteristics of Trans-Siberian Railway.
Describe the development of railways in Europe and Russia.
Pipelines are used extensively in the world for the transportation of liquid and gaseous substances. Justify this statement with appropriate reasons.
Pipelines are extensively used in the world to transport liquids and gases. Support this statement with appropriate reasons.
Examine the importance of Trans-Siberian Railway.
Define Trans-Continental Railway. Explain any four characteristics of Trans-Canadian Railway.
(a) Define the term 'Trans-oceanic railway'. Explain any four characteristics of the Trans-Canadian Railway.
Define trans-continental railway route. Explain any four characteristics of Trans-Canadian Railway.
Trans-Canadian Railway line is considered as the economic artery of Canada. Evaluate the statement.
Name any one international airport of Argentina.
Choose the correct option related to oil tanker ports of the world.
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option: Assertion (A): All the developed countries have opened their markets for products from developing countries. Reason (R): World Trade Organisation deals with the global rules of trade between nations.
Choose the correct option related to 'ports of call'.
Which one of the following types of ports is categorised on the basis of function ?
Which one of the following is not the base of 'international trade' ?
Match Column I with Column II correctly and choose the most appropriate option: Column I (Type of Port) - a. Packet station, b. Naval port, c. Port of call, d. Entrepot port; Column II (Example) - i. Kochi, ii. Copenhagen, iii. Dover, iv. Honolulu
Choose the correct option related to 'entrepot port':
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): International trade is mutually beneficial to nations. Reason (R): It helps in getting the needed items from other countries.
Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option. Column-I (Basis of International Trade): a. Geological structure, b. Mineral resources, c. Climate, d. Cultural factors. Column-II (Feature): i. It determines the biotic life. ii. It determines the mineral resource base. iii. It provides the base for industrial development. iv. The development of crafts and skills is determined by it.
Choose the correctly matched pair of sea ports and their examples.
Which one of the following ports is operational for shorter distances?
Choose the correctly matched pair of ports: Port - Example
The ports specialised in bulk cargo are called:
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Assertion (A): International trade is mutually beneficial to nations. Reason (R): It helps in getting the needed items from other countries. Choose the correct option.
The ports which are linked to the sea through a canal are called:
Which one of the following is the disadvantage of free trade for developing countries ?
Choose the correct option from the following related to World Trade Organisation (WTO).
The act of opening up economies for trading is known as:
The act of opening up economies for trading is known as free trade or trade liberalisation. This is done by bringing down trade barriers like tariffs. Trade liberalisation allows goods and services from everywhere to compete with domestic products and services. Globalisation along with free trade can adversely affect the economies of developing countries by not giving equal playing field by imposing conditions which are unfavourable. With the development of transport and communication systems, goods and services can travel faster and farther than ever before. But free trade should not only let rich countries enter the markets, but allow the developed countries to keep their own markets protected from foreign products. Countries also need to be cautious about dumped goods; as along with free trade dumped goods of cheaper prices can harm the domestic producers.
Globalisation along with free trade can adversely affect the economies of which countries?
The act of opening up economies for trading is known as free trade or trade liberalisation. This is done by bringing down trade barriers like tariffs. Trade liberalisation allows goods and services from everywhere to compete with domestic products and services. Globalisation along with free trade can adversely affect the economies of developing countries by not giving equal playing field by imposing conditions which are unfavourable. With the development of transport and communication systems, goods and services can travel faster and farther than ever before. But free trade should not only let rich countries enter the markets, but allow the developed countries to keep their own markets protected from foreign products. Countries also need to be cautious about dumped goods; as along with free trade dumped goods of cheaper prices can harm the domestic producers.
What is the meaning of free trade?
The act of opening up economies for trading is known as free trade or trade liberalisation. This is done by bringing down trade barriers like tariffs. Trade liberalisation allows goods and services from everywhere to compete with domestic products and services. Globalisation along with free trade can adversely affect the economies of developing countries by not giving equal playing field by imposing conditions which are unfavourable. With the development of transport and communication systems, goods and services can travel faster and farther than ever before. But free trade should not only let rich countries enter the markets, but allow the developed countries to keep their own markets protected from foreign products. Countries also need to be cautious about dumped goods; as along with free trade dumped goods of cheaper prices can harm the domestic producers.
According to the passage, which countries should be cautious about free trade?
The act of opening up economies for trading is known as free trade or trade liberalisation. This is done by bringing down trade barriers like tariffs. Trade liberalisation allows goods and services from everywhere to compete with domestic products and services. Globalisation along with free trade can adversely affect the economies of developing countries by not giving equal playing field by imposing conditions which are unfavourable. With the development of transport and communication systems, goods and services can travel faster and farther than ever before. But free trade should not only let rich countries enter the markets, but allow the developed countries to keep their own markets protected from foreign products. Countries also need to be cautious about dumped goods; as along with free trade dumped goods of cheaper prices can harm the domestic producers.
The ports which have strategic importance are called:
Which of the following organisations sets the rules for the global trading among its member nations ? Choose the most appropriate option.
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option: Assertion (A): Countries need to be cautious about dumped goods under free trade. Reason (R): Dumping of goods can harm the domestic producers.
Which of the following is an example of an entrepôt port?
Which one of the following is an example of an Oil Port?
Which one of the following is an example of an entrepôt port?
"Foreign investment can boost trade in developing countries." Support the statement with suitable arguments.
"International trade is mutually beneficial to nations." Support the statement with suitable arguments.
"The difficulties of barter system were overcome by the introduction of money." Support the statement with suitable arguments.
How does the population size of a country affect the international trade in the world? Explain.
Explain the importance of international trade in modern times.
Explain the criticisms faced by the World Trade Organization.
Describe any five types of ports in the world, on the basis of specialized functions.
Describe any five basis of international trade in the world.
Explain balance of trade with examples and examine the role of World Trade Organisation (WTO) in international trade.
Define International Trade. Describe two types of International Trade in the world.
Explain the role of the World Trade Organization for international trade.
Case study · CBSE 2026
The act of opening up economies for trading is known as free trade or trade liberalisation. This is done by bringing down trade barriers like tariffs. Trade liberalisation allows goods and services from everywhere to compete with domestic products and services. Globalisation along with free trade can adversely affect the economies of developing countries by not giving equal playing field by imposing conditions which are unfavourable. With the development of transport and communication systems, goods and services can travel faster and farther than ever before. But free trade should not only let rich countries enter the markets, but allow the developed countries to keep their own markets protected from foreign products. Countries also need to be cautious about dumped goods; as along with free trade, dumped goods of cheaper prices can harm the domestic producers.
(18.1) Define the term 'globalisation'.
Define the term 'globalisation'.
Which one of the following is the act of opening up economies for trading by bringing down trade barriers?
The most adverse effect of free trade is faced by which of the following?
Which one of the following is the impact of the development of transport and communication on trade?
Case study · CBSE 2026
Case for Free Trade. The act of opening up economies for trading is known as free trade or trade liberalisation. This is done by bringing down trade barriers like tariffs. Trade liberalisation allows goods and services from everywhere to compete with domestic products and services. Globalisation along with free trade can adversely affect the economies of developing countries by not giving equal playing field by imposing conditions which are unfavourable. With the development of transport and communication systems, goods and services can travel faster and farther than ever before. But free trade should not only let rich countries enter the markets, but allow the developed countries to keep their own markets protected from foreign products. Countries also need to be cautious about dumped goods; as along with free trade, dumped goods of cheaper prices can harm the domestic producers.
Define the term 'globalisation'.
Case study · CBSE 2025
In agriculturally important countries, agro products are exchanged for manufactured goods, whereas industrialised nations export machinery and finished products and import food grains and other raw materials. Foreign investment can boost trade in developing countries which lack in capital required for the development of mining, oil drilling, heavy engineering, lumbering and plantation agriculture. By developing such capital intensive industries in developing countries, the industrial nations ensure import of food stuffs, minerals and create markets for their finished products. This entire cycle steps up the volume of trade between nations.
What types of items are exported by the industrialised nations?
Choose the most appropriate option related to the major speech areas of the 'Indo-European' language family.
During which one of the following phase of population growth in India, negative growth was recorded in a decade?
Which one of the following phases is associated with gradual slowing down of population growth in India?
During which one of the following decades, the population growth in India was negative ?
Which one of the following phases of population growth in India is referred to as 'period of steady population growth'?
The natural rate of increase is continuously in an increasing order in which of the following phase of population growth ?
India : Decadal Birth Rate, Death Rate and Rate of Natural Increase, 1901 – 2011
Choose the duration of 'Phase-III' of population growth from the following.
India : Decadal Birth Rate, Death Rate and Rate of Natural Increase, 1901 – 2011
The lowest crude birth rate was recorded in which of the following decades ?
India : Decadal Birth Rate, Death Rate and Rate of Natural Increase, 1901 – 2011
Choose the right group of states where Dravidian language is spoken majorly.
Choose the right group of states where Dravadian language is spoken majorly.
Which of the following set of states have the lowest percentage of urban population ?
Which of the following set of states has the highest percentage of urban population?
Which one of the following is known as the phase of population explosion in India ?
Which one of the following defines the 'main worker' according to Census of India (2011)?
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : In recent decades, the urban population of India has grown rapidly. Reason (R) : In India, the workforce is shifting from farm-based to non-farm-based occupations.
The lowest crude birth rate was recorded in which of the following decades ?
Choose the duration of 'Phase-III' of population growth from the following.
The natural rate of increase is continuously in an increasing order in which of the following phase of population growth ?
Which of the following are branches of Dravidian language in India? Choose the correct option. I. Central Dravidian II. East Dravidian III. South Dravidian IV. North Dravidian
Choose the correct option. I. Stagnant phase of population growth II. Low or negative net growth of population III. Rapid fall in the mortality rate IV. Poor health and medical services
Which one of the following is the reason for relatively slow growth in population in India?
Which one of the following is responsible for the decline in population growth in India?
Which one of the following led to rapid growth in India?
Which one of the following is incorrectly matched? List-I (Term) - List-II (Meaning)
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): India has highly uneven pattern of population distribution. Reason (R): Population distribution is highly associated with physical, socio-economic and historical factors.
Which one of the following is not a challenge of adolescent population faced by the society?
Which one of the following is incorrectly matched? List-I (Term) and List-II (Meaning)
Which one of the following is incorrectly matched? List-I (Term) - List-II (Meaning) (A) Physiological density - Total population / Net cultivated area (B) Agricultural density - Total agricultural population / Net cultivable area (C) Population density - Total population / Total area (D) Marginal worker - Total population / Total working population
Choose the correct option. I. Large scale urbanisation and industrialisation require more workers. II. Historically, it is a sectoral shift in the economy of the country. III. Percentage of female workers is relatively high in secondary sector. IV. It is a shift of workers from farm-based to non-farm-based occupations.
Which one of the following is a characteristic of tertiarisation? Read the statements and choose the correct option. I. Large scale urbanisation and industrialisation require more workers. II. Historically, it is a sectoral shift in the economy of the country. III. Percentage of female workers is relatively high in secondary sector. IV. It is a shift of workers from farm-based to non-farm-based occupations.
Identify the characteristics of tertiarisation in the economy and choose the correct option. I. Large scale urbanisation and industrialisation require more workers. II. Historically, it is a sectoral shift in the economy of the country. III. Percentage of female workers is relatively high in secondary sector. IV. It is a shift of workers from farm-based to non-farm-based occupations.
Which one of the following language groups is the smallest in India ?
Read the following objectives regarding National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (2015) carefully and choose the most appropriate option: I. To improve the literacy rate of different age groups in India. II. To provide umbrella framework to all skilling activities. III. To align all skilling activities to common standards. IV. To link skilling activities with demand centres.
Choose the correct option in order of number of people speaking modern Indian languages from maximum to minimum:
In which of the following groups of states are Dravidian languages spoken?
Which one of the following states has the highest population growth rate during 2001 to 2011 decade?
In which of the following states has the lowest density of population?
The 2011 Census has divided the working population of India into four major categories. Select the correct option related to the major categories.
Which of the following is the smallest linguistic group in India ?
Which one of the following states has the highest population ?
Describe any one ill-effect of gender discrimination on a society.
Promoting Gender Sensitivity. The division of the society into male, female and transgender is believed to be natural and biological. But, in reality, there are social constructs and roles assigned to individuals which are reinforced by social institutions. Consequently, these biological differences become the basis of social differentiations, discriminations and exclusions. The exclusion of over half of the population becomes a serious handicap to any developing and civilised society. It is a global challenge, which has been general, and gender discrimination, in particular, is a crime against humanity. All efforts need to be made to address the denial of opportunities of education, employment, political representation, low wages for similar types of work, disregard to their entitlement to live a dignified life, etc. A society, which fails to acknowledge and take effective measures to remove such discriminations, cannot be treated as a civilised one.
The adolescent people of India have high potential but they are quite vulnerable. Explain the statement.
Explain any three characteristics of Phase II of growth of population in India.
Analyse the main characteristics of rural-urban composition of population in India.
Explain any three characteristics of Phase I of growth of population in India.
Why is Phase I (1901–1921) of growth of population referred to as a stagnant phase? Explain by giving any three arguments.
Why is Phase III (1951–1981) of growth of population referred to as the period of population explosion in India ? Explain by giving any three arguments.
Why is Phase II (1921-1951) of growth of population referred to as the period of steady population growth in India? Explain by giving any three arguments.
Explain the causes of negative growth of population in India between 1911 and 1921.
Examine the "Beti Bachao Beti Padhao" campaign launched by the Government of India.
"India has a highly uneven pattern of population distribution." Support the statement with examples.
"The distribution of rural population is uneven across India." Evaluate the statement.
"The government of India's campaign 'Beti Bachao – Beti Padhao' is an effective step to empower women." Justify the statement.
"There are many challenges for the society to channelise adolescents in right direction." Evaluate the statement.
Explain the factors that influence population distribution.
Analyse the regional variation in population growth in India.
Analyse the major problems of youth population in India. Suggest two measures to overcome the problems.
Explain any five factors affecting the uneven distribution of population in India.
Explain the various factors affecting density of population in India.
Explain the important aspects of population growth with special reference to the growth of adolescents and National Youth Policy, 2014 of India.
Explain the occupational structure of India's population.
Case study · CBSE 2026
Sectoral composition of workforce in India, 2011
Why is the large difference between primary and tertiary categories of female workers?
Case study · CBSE 2026
Sectoral composition of workforce in India, 2011: Primary - 26,30,22,473 (54.6%) - Male: 16,54,47,075, Female: 9,75,75,398; Secondary - 1,83,36,307 (3.8%) - Male: 97,75,635, Female: 85,60,672; Tertiary - 20,03,84,531 (41.6%) - Male: 15,66,43,220, Female: 4,37,41,311
Why is the large difference between primary and tertiary categories of female workers?
Case study · CBSE 2025
Promoting Gender Sensitivity through Campaigns. The division of the society into male, female and transgender is believed to be natural and biological. But, in reality, there are social constructs and roles assigned to individuals which are reinforced by social institutions. Consequently, these biological differences become the basis of social differentiations, discriminations and exclusions. The exclusion of over half of the population becomes a serious handicap to any developing and civilised society. It is a global challenge, which has been general, and gender discrimination, in particular, is a crime against humanity. All efforts need to be made to address the denial of opportunities of education, employment, political representation, low wages for similar types of work, disregard to their entitlement to live a dignified life, etc. A society, which fails to acknowledge and take effective measures to remove such discriminations, cannot be treated as a civilised one. The Government of India has duly acknowledged the adverse impacts of these discriminations and launched a nationwide campaign called.
Describe any one ill-effect of gender discrimination on a society.
Case study · CBSE 2025
The division of the society into male, female and transgender is believed to be natural and biological. But, in reality, there are social constructs and roles assigned to individuals which are reinforced by social institutions. Consequently, these biological differences become the basis of social differentiations, discriminations and exclusions. The exclusion of over half of the population becomes a serious handicap to any developing and civilised society. It is a global challenge, which has been general, and gender discrimination, in particular, is a crime against humanity. All efforts need to be made to address the denial of opportunities of education, employment, political representation, low wages for similar types of work, disregard to their entitlement to live a dignified life, etc. A society, which fails to acknowledge and take effective measures to remove such discriminations, cannot be treated as a civilised one. The Government of India has duly acknowleged the adverse impacts of these discriminations and launched a nationwide campaign.
Describe any one ill-effect of gender discrimination on a society.
Name the state with lowest level of population density.
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): In recent decades, the urban population of India has grown rapidly. Reason (R): In India, the workforce is shifting from farm-based to non-farm-based occupations.
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Lack of basic necessities such as housing, health and drinking water, etc. are found in slum settlements. Reason (R):
Arrange the following towns of India from the oldest to the newest on the basis of their evolution and choose the correct option. I. Lucknow, II. Varanasi, III. Bhilai, IV. Jamshedpur
Which one of the following is an industrial town in India?
Choose the correctly matched pair.
Choose the correctly matched pair. (Town) (Example)
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): Lack of basic necessities such as housing, health and drinking water, etc. are found in slum settlements.
Which one of the following is a reason for the emergence of clustered settlements in Rajasthan ? Choose the most appropriate option.
Study the following statements carefully and choose the correct option : Statement I : In India, after independence, some old towns around metropolitan cities developed as satellite towns. Statement II : Delhi is a good example of such metropolitan cities.
Choose the correct option regarding mining towns of India:
Study the following statements carefully and choose the correct option: Statement I: In India, after independence, some old towns around metropolitan cities developed as satellite towns. Statement II: Delhi is a good example of such metropolitan cities. Options:
Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option : Column I: i. Transport city, ii. Mining town, iii. Garrison town, iv. Administrative town Column II: 1. Jaipur, 2. Ambala, 3. Itarsi, 4. Singrauli
Which one of the following is the feature of clustered settlements ?
Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option : Column I - Column II i. Transport city - 1. Jaipur ii. Mining town - 2. Ambala iii. Garrison town - 3. Itarsi iv. Administrative town - 4. Singrauli
Mention the increase in number of towns/UAs in 1991 in comparison to 1941.
India Trends of Urbanisation - Year: Number of Towns/UAs: Urban Population (in Thousands): % of Total Population: Decennial Growth (%): 1931: 2,072: 33,456.0: 11.99: 19.12: 1941: 2,250: 44,153.3: 13.86: 31.97: 1951: 2,843: 62,443.7: 17.29: 41.42: 1961: 2,365: 78,936.6: 17.97: 26.41: 1971: 2,590: 1,09,114: 19.91: 38.23: 1981: 3,378: 1,59,463: 23.34: 46.14: 1991: 4,689: 2,17,611: 25.71: 36.47: 2001: 5,161: 2,85,355: 27.78: 31.13
In which decade is the minimum increase in the percentage of urban population recorded?
India Trends of Urbanisation - Year: Number of Towns/UAs: Urban Population (in Thousands): % of Total Population: Decennial Growth (%): 1931: 2,072: 33,456.0: 11.99: 19.12: 1941: 2,250: 44,153.3: 13.86: 31.97: 1951: 2,843: 62,443.7: 17.29: 41.42: 1961: 2,365: 78,936.6: 17.97: 26.41: 1971: 2,590: 1,09,114: 19.91: 38.23: 1981: 3,378: 1,59,463: 23.34: 46.14: 1991: 4,689: 2,17,611: 25.71: 36.47: 2001: 5,161: 2,85,355: 27.78: 31.13
Describe the decennial growth of urbanisation.
India Trends of Urbanisation - Year: Number of Towns/UAs: Urban Population (in Thousands): % of Total Population: Decennial Growth (%): 1931: 2,072: 33,456.0: 11.99: 19.12: 1941: 2,250: 44,153.3: 13.86: 31.97: 1951: 2,843: 62,443.7: 17.29: 41.42: 1961: 2,365: 78,936.6: 17.97: 26.41: 1971: 2,590: 1,09,114: 19.91: 38.23: 1981: 3,378: 1,59,463: 23.34: 46.14: 1991: 4,689: 2,17,611: 25.71: 36.47: 2001: 5,161: 2,85,355: 27.78: 31.13
With reference to 1951, how much change has taken place in the percentage of total population in 1991?
India Trends of Urbanisation. Year: 1931, 1941, 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001. Number of Towns/UAs: 2,072, 2,250, 2,843, 2,365, 2,590, 3,378, 4,689, 5,161. Urban Population (in Thousands): 33,456.0, 44,153.3, 62,443.7, 78,936.6, 1,09,114, 1,59,463, 2,17,611, 2,85,355. % of Total Population: 11.99, 13.86, 17.29, 17.97, 19.91, 23.34, 25.71, 27.78. Decennial Growth (%): 19.12, 31.97, 41.42, 26.41, 38.23, 46.14, 36.47, 31.13.
Rural settlements near cities provide services to nearby towns. Explain this statement.
Rural settlement centres in close proximity to towns support nearby towns. Explain this statement.
Rural settlements near are surrounded by settlements. Explain this statement.
Explain the main characteristics of urban settlements in India.
Explain the characteristics of clustered rural settlements in India.
"Many of the towns in India are multifunctional." Analyse the statement.
Explain the main characteristics of hamleted rural settlements in India.
Explain the characteristics of dispersed rural settlements in India.
Explain the difference between hamleted and dispersed rural settlements in India with examples.
Explain the objectives of 'Smart Cities Mission' in India.
Explain the evolution of towns in India with examples.
In which decade is the maximum increase in number of towns/UAs observed?
India Trends of Urbanisation Year | Number of Towns/UAs | Urban Population (in Thousands) | % of Total Population | Decennial Growth (%) 1931 | 2,072 | 33,456.0 | 11.99 | 19.12 1941 | 2,250 | 44,153.3 | 13.86 | 31.97 1951 | 2,843 | 62,443.7 | 17.29 | 41.42 1961 | 2,365 | 78,936.6 | 17.97 | 26.41 1971 | 2,590 | 1,09,114 | 19.91 | 38.23 1981 | 3,378 | 1,59,463 | 23.34 | 46.14 1991 | 4,689 | 2,17,611 | 25.71 | 36.47 2001 | 5,161 | 2,85,355 | 27.78 | 31.13
In which decade is the maximum increase in number of towns/UAs observed?
India Trends of Urbanisation. Year 1931: Number of Towns/UAs 2,072, Urban Population (in Thousands) 33,456.0, % of Total Population 11.99, Decennial Growth (%) 19.12. Year 1941: 2,250, 44,153.3, 13.86, 31.97. Year 1951: 2,843, 62,443.7, 17.29, 41.42. Year 1961: 2,365, 78,936.6, 17.97, 26.41. Year 1971: 2,590, 1,09,114, 19.91, 38.23. Year 1981: 3,378, 1,59,463, 23.34, 46.14. Year 1991: 4,689, 2,17,611, 25.71, 36.47. Year 2001: 5,161, 2,85,355, 27.78, 31.13.
Distinguish between planned settlement and unplanned settlement.
Mention the increase in number of towns/UAs in 1991 in comparison to 1941.
With reference to 1951, how much change has taken place in the percentage of total population in 1991?
Differentiate between the clustered and hamleted settlements in India.
Explain with examples, the classification of Indian towns on the basis of their evolution.
Describe any three factors responsible for the development of different types of rural settlements in India.
Describe any three characteristics of clustered settlements in India.
Explain any three basic differences between rural and urban settlements in India.
Villages around cities benefit both directly and indirectly from these cities. Explain the statement.
Examine any three causes for the development of compact rural settlements in India.
How is a rural settlement centre different from an urban settlement centre? Explain.
After independence of the country, the growth of Indian towns has been uneven. Justify this statement.
Justify the statement: 'Rapid urbanisation creates both adequate and inadequate facilities to support the fast growing population in cities.'
Case study · CBSE 2026
India – Trends of Urbanisation 1961-2011: Year 1961, Number of Towns/UAs: 2,365, Urban Population (in Thousands): 78,936.6, % of Total population: 17.97, Decennial Growth: –; Year 1971, Number of Towns/UAs: 2,590, Urban Population: 1,09,114, % of Total population: 19.91, Decennial Growth: 38.23; Year 1981, Number of Towns/UAs: 3,378, Urban Population: 1,59,463, % of Total population: 23.34, Decennial Growth: 46.14; Year 1991, Number of Towns/UAs: 4,689, Urban Population: 2,17,611, % of Total population: 25.71, Decennial Growth: 36.47; Year 2001, Number of Towns/UAs: 5,161, Urban Population: 2,85,355, % of Total population: 27.78, Decennial Growth: 31.13; Year 2011, Number of Towns/UAs: 6,171, Urban Population: 3,77,000, % of Total population: 31.16, Decennial Growth: 31.08
During which decade, the net increase in number of towns/UAs is the lowest?
Case study · CBSE 2025
India Trends of Urbanisation - Year: 1931, 1941, 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001. Number of Towns/UAs: 2,072, 2,250, 2,843, 2,365, 2,590, 3,378, 4,689, 5,161. Urban Population (in Thousands): 33,456.0, 44,153.3, 62,443.7, 78,936.6, 1,09,114, 1,59,463, 2,17,611, 2,85,355. Percentage of Total Population: 11.99, 13.86, 17.29, 17.97, 19.91, 23.34, 25.71, 27.78. Decennial Growth (%): 19.12, 31.97, 41.42, 26.41, 38.23, 46.14, 36.47, 31.13.
In which decade is the maximum increase in number of towns/UAs observed?
Case study · CBSE 2023
India Trends of Urbanisation 1901–2011. Year: 1901, Number of Towns/UAs: 1,827, Urban Population (in Thousands): 25,851.9, % of Total Population: 10.84. Year: 1911, Number of Towns/UAs: 1,815, Urban Population (in Thousands): 25,941.6, % of Total Population: 10.29, Decennial Growth (%): 0.35. Year: 1921, Number of Towns/UAs: 1,949, Urban Population (in Thousands): 28,086.2, % of Total Population: 11.18, Decennial Growth (%): 8.27. Year: 1931, Number of Towns/UAs: 2,072, Urban Population (in Thousands): 33,456.0, % of Total Population: 11.99, Decennial Growth (%): 19.12. Year: 1941, Number of Towns/UAs: 2,250, Urban Population (in Thousands): 44,153.3, % of Total Population: 13.86, Decennial Growth (%): 31.97. Year: 1951, Number of Towns/UAs: 2,843, Urban Population (in Thousands): 62,443.7, % of Total Population: 17.29, Decennial Growth (%): 41.42. Year: 1961, Number of Towns/UAs: 2,365, Urban Population (in Thousands): 78,936.6, % of Total Population: 17.97, Decennial Growth (%): 26.41. Year: 1971, Number of Towns/UAs: 2,590, Urban Population (in Thousands): 1,09,114, % of Total Population: 19.91, Decennial Growth (%): 38.23. Year: 1981, Number of Towns/UAs: 3,378, Urban Population (in Thousands): 1,59,463, % of Total Population: 23.34, Decennial Growth (%): 46.14. Year: 1991, Number of Towns/UAs: 4,689, Urban Population (in Thousands): 2,17,611, % of Total Population: 25.71, Decennial Growth (%): 36.47. Year: 2001, Number of Towns/UAs: 5,161, Urban Population (in Thousands): 2,85,355, % of Total Population: 27.78, Decennial Growth (%): 31.13. Year: 2011, Number of Towns/UAs: 6,171, Urban Population (in Thousands): 3,77,000, % of Total Population: 31.16, Decennial Growth (%): 31.08.
(19.1) In which year was the decennial growth of urban population the highest in India ?
Case study · CBSE 2023
India Trends of Urbanisation 1901-2011: Year | Number of Towns/UAs | Urban Population (in Thousands) | % of Total Population | Decennial Growth (%) | 1901 | 1,827 | 25,851.9 | 10.84 | - | 1911 | 1,815 | 25,941.6 | 10.29 | 0.35 | 1921 | 1,949 | 28,086.2 | 11.18 | 8.27 | 1931 | 2,072 | 33,456.0 | 11.99 | 19.12 | 1941 | 2,250 | 44,153.3 | 13.86 | 31.97 | 1951 | 2,843 | 62,443.7 | 17.29 | 41.42 | 1961 | 2,365 | 78,936.6 | 17.97 | 26.41 | 1971 | 2,590 | 1,09,114 | 19.91 | 38.23 | 1981 | 3,378 | 1,59,463 | 23.34 | 46.14 | 1991 | 4,689 | 2,17,611 | 25.71 | 36.47 | 2001 | 5,161 | 2,85,355 | 27.78 | 31.13 | 2011 | 6,171 | 3,77,000 | 31.16 | 31.08 |
In which year was the decennial growth of urban population the highest in India?
Case study · CBSE 2023
India Trends of Urbanisation 1901–2011. Year: 1901, Number of Towns/UAs: 1,827, Urban Population (in Thousands): 25,851.9, % of Total Population: 10.84, Decennial Growth (%): —. Year: 1911, Number of Towns/UAs: 1,815, Urban Population (in Thousands): 25,941.6, % of Total Population: 10.29, Decennial Growth (%): 0.35. Year: 1921, Number of Towns/UAs: 1,949, Urban Population (in Thousands): 28,086.2, % of Total Population: 11.18, Decennial Growth (%): 8.27. Year: 1931, Number of Towns/UAs: 2,072, Urban Population (in Thousands): 33,456.0, % of Total Population: 11.99, Decennial Growth (%): 19.12. Year: 1941, Number of Towns/UAs: 2,250, Urban Population (in Thousands): 44,153.3, % of Total Population: 13.86, Decennial Growth (%): 31.97. Year: 1951, Number of Towns/UAs: 2,843, Urban Population (in Thousands): 62,443.7, % of Total Population: 17.29, Decennial Growth (%): 41.42. Year: 1961, Number of Towns/UAs: 2,365, Urban Population (in Thousands): 78,936.6, % of Total Population: 17.97, Decennial Growth (%): 26.41. Year: 1971, Number of Towns/UAs: 2,590, Urban Population (in Thousands): 1,09,114, % of Total Population: 19.91, Decennial Growth (%): 38.23. Year: 1981, Number of Towns/UAs: 3,378, Urban Population (in Thousands): 1,59,463, % of Total Population: 23.34, Decennial Growth (%): 46.14. Year: 1991, Number of Towns/UAs: 4,689, Urban Population (in Thousands): 2,17,611, % of Total Population: 25.71, Decennial Growth (%): 36.47. Year: 2001, Number of Towns/UAs: 5,161, Urban Population (in Thousands): 2,85,355, % of Total Population: 27.78, Decennial Growth (%): 31.13. Year: 2011, Number of Towns/UAs: 6,171, Urban Population (in Thousands): 3,77,000, % of Total Population: 31.16, Decennial Growth (%): 31.08.
(19.1) In which year was the decennial growth of urban population the highest in India?
Name the city of West Bengal having more than 10 million population.
Which one of the following is a natural process of land degradation?
Choose the correct option related to major Kharif crops of the North India.
Choose the correctly matched pair from the following: (Crop) (Leading Producer State)
Choose the most appropriate option related to major crops of plantation farming in India.
Choose the correctly matched pair from the following : (Crop) (Leading State in Production)
Choose the most appropriate option related to the crops under 'Zaid' cropping season in the states of Southern India.
Read the following features and identify the crop. It is a tropical plantation crop and has three varieties. Karnataka alone accounts for more than two-third of its total production of India. It is grown in the highlands of Western Ghats in Karnataka and Kerala. Crop:
Choose the correct option. I. Wheat is grown in western parts of the Indo-Gangetic plains in India. II. Wheat is grown in monsoonal areas only. III. Millets are grown in dry parts of western and southern India. IV. Wheat, soyabean etc. are grown in northern China.
What is the other name of Rainfed type of farming ?
In comparison to 1950-51, which of the following categories has decreased the most in 2014-15?
In comparison to 1950-51, which one of the following categories has the highest difference of increase in 2014-15?
What is the correct difference in net area sown between 1950-51 and 2014-15?
Which of the following is not a feature of dryland farming ?
Read the given resources and choose the correct option related to community resources: I. Village water bodies II. Village agriculture land III. Village residential land IV. Pasture land
Describe the objectives of National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) in the development of Indian agriculture.
Explain any three differences between irrigated and rainfed farming in India.
Explain the problem of low productivity of Indian agriculture.
Explain the problem of 'low productivity' of Indian agriculture. Analyse the role of 'National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture' to solve this problem.
"Generally land-use in a region is influenced by the nature of economic activities." Support the statement with suitable examples.
Examine the agricultural development in India since independence.
Explain the increase in agricultural output and improvement in technology since independence in India.
Explain the geographical requirements of cotton cultivation and its production in India.
The intensive irrigation in the areas of successful 'green revolution' have both positive and negative impacts. Analyse the statement.
Evaluate the statement: Agriculture is the most important primary activity in India.
Explain the importance of land resources.
(b) Distinguish between irrigated and rainfed agriculture in India with examples.
Explain any five problems faced by the agricultural sector in India.
Suggest any five measures to solve the main problems of Indian agriculture and explain them.
Classify Indian farming practices on the basis of source of moisture and describe them.
Describe four characteristics of common property resources in India.
(a) Mention four characteristics of common property resources in India.
Define Common Property Resources. How do Common Property Resources help in providing livelihood to the landless and marginal farmers? Explain.
Land and ground water are used most in agriculture in India. Substantiate this statement with examples from Punjab and Haryana.
Analyze any five problems of Indian agriculture.
Analyze any five utilities of common property resources in India.
Support the statement with appropriate arguments.
Which is the state leading in the production of cotton ?
Choose the correctly matched pair from the following:
Which one of the following is the main objective of 'Haryali Project' ?
Read the following water conservation measures adopted in the Ralegan Siddhi village carefully and choose most appropriate option. I. Constructing percolation tanks II. Repairing the embankments III. Emphasising stall-feeding of animals IV. Formation of 'Old Mandals'
Choose the correct group of states utilizing their groundwater resource moderately.
Choose the correct option to fill in the blank: The groundwater utilization is very high in __________. If the present trend of groundwater utilization continues, it would be very difficult to meet the water needs.
Which one of the following rivers is highly polluted?
Define water quality. Explain the reasons of deteriorating surface water quality in India.
Explain any three factors responsible for the depletion of water resources in India.
Explain the main features of India's National Water Policy, 2002.
Explain any three activities proposed under the Water Conservation Campaign in India.
Explain the necessity and methods of rainwater harvesting in India.
Explain the main features of India's national water policy.
Explain the main objectives of Jal Kranti Abhiyan in India.
Explain any five methods to prevent water pollution in India.
Explain the importance of rainwater harvesting in watershed management in India.
Explain with examples how watershed management and rainwater harvesting help in conserving water resources in India.
Explain the statement with examples: Water is a critical natural resource in India.
Arrange the following coal mining areas of India from south to north direction of their location and choose the correct option: I. Singareni II. Neyveli III. Jharia IV. Talchar
Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option: Column-I (Mineral): a. Iron-ore b. Manganese c. Bauxite d. Copper Column-II (Major Mines): i. Katni ii. Bhilwara iii. Chandrapur iv. Sundargarh
Read the information given in the box carefully and identify the mineral: It is a non-ferrous ore. Odisha is the largest producer state. It is used in manufacturing of aluminium.
Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option: Iron-ore (Sundargarh), Manganese (Chandrapur), Bauxite (Katni), Copper (Bhilwara)
Arrange the following oil refineries of Assam according to their location from the west to the east and choose the correct option. I. Guwahati II. Numaligarh III. Bongaigaon IV. Digboi
Arrange the following oil refineries of India from their north to south locations and choose the correct option. I. Mathura II. Bathinda III. Bina IV. Panipat
Choose the correct option of group of states of iron ore reserves from high to low.
Arrange the following coal mines of India according to their location from north to south and choose the correct option. I. Singareni II. Neyveli III. Singrauli IV. Korba
Arrange the following states from the highest to the lowest order according to their production of Bauxite and choose the correct option. I. Odisha II. Gujarat III. Chhattisgarh IV. Madhya Pradesh
Arrange the following states in sequence (highest to lowest) according to their reserves of iron ore and choose the correct option. I. Jharkhand II. Karnataka III. Chhattisgarh IV. Odisha
Arrange the following states in sequence (highest to lowest) according to their production of Bauxite and choose the correct option. I. Chhattisgarh II. Gujarat III. Jharkhand IV. Odisha
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): There is an inverse relationship between quality and quantity of minerals. Reason (R): Good quality minerals are less in quantity as compared to low quality minerals.
Choose the correct option to fill in the blank in the flow chart:
Which one of the following is the easternmost station of the trans-East-West pipeline in India?
Which among the following countries is related to Ladakh?
Mention any four characteristics of the mineral belt in India.
(a) Mention any four characteristics of the mineral-based Western Crop-belt in India.
Mention any four characteristics of the north-western semi-arid belt in India.
Distinguish between metallic and non-metallic minerals with example.
Why is petroleum known as liquid gold? Explain by giving three arguments.
Define the term mineral fuels. Explain the disadvantage of mineral fuels with reference to India.
Mention the main characteristics of the mineral belt of South-Western region.
Mention the main characteristics of the mineral belt of South-Western India.
Copper is essential for the electrical industry. Examine this statement.
Explain any three characteristics of non-conventional sources of energy.
Petroleum energy is an indispensable source for the operation of transport and industries. Examine this statement.
Explain the significance of petroleum as major source of energy and describe its distribution in India.
Non-conventional energy sources are equitably distributed in India. Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
Analyze the relationship between the conservation of mineral resources and sustainable development in India.
Nuclear energy has emerged as a commercial energy source in recent years. Examine this statement in the context of India with suitable arguments.
India is endowed with diverse kinds of mineral resources due to its varied geographical structure. Support this statement with appropriate arguments.
Suggest any five measures for conservation of mineral resources in India and explain them.
Analyse the relationship between the conservation of mineral resources and sustainable development in India.
Evaluate the statement: For sustainable development, economic development needs coordination with environmental issues, particularly in the context of conservation of mineral resources.
Most of the mineral-based industries in India are found in the Peninsular region of pre-Cambrian crystalline rocks. Examine this statement.
In which state are Bailadila iron-ore mines located ?
In which state is Mathura oil refinery located ?
Name the oil refinery located in Bihar.
During which one of the following decades, 'Gaddi' was included in the Scheduled Tribe list in Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh?
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option: Assertion (A): The concept of 'sustainable development' emerged in 1990's. Reason (R): General awareness about environmental issues originated during 1960's in the western world.
The main Indira Gandhi Canal terminates in which one of the following districts of Rajasthan?
If you were asked to prepare a 'hill area development programme', which of the following must be kept in mind? Choose the correct option: I. Establishing heavy industry II. Ecosystem III. National Highway construction IV. Topography
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option: Assertion (A): The economic development of a region depends upon its resource base. Reason (R): Sometimes resource rich region remain backward.
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option: Assertion (A): The restoration of ecological balance is the main focus of drought prone area programme. Reason (R): Growing population pressure is forcing to utilize the marginal lands for agriculture.
concept was given by which one of the following?
The concept was given by which one of the following?
Which one of the following pairs is matched correctly ?
Bharmaur Tribal region belongs to which of the following states?
Bharmaur tribal area comprises Bharmaur and Holi tehsils of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. It is a notified tribal area since 21st November, 1975. Bharmaur is inhabited by a tribal community who have maintained a distinct identity in the Himalayan region as they practised transhumance and conversed through Gaddiali dialect. Bharmaur tribal region has harsh climate conditions, low resource base and fragile environment. These factors have influenced the society and economy of the region. According to the 2011 census, the total population of Bharmaur sub-division was 39,113 i.e., 21 persons per sq km. It is one of the most backward areas of Himachal Pradesh. Historically, the Gaddis have experienced geographical and political isolation and socio-economic deprivation. The economy is largely based on agriculture and allied activities such as sheep and goat rearing. The process of development of tribal area of Bharmaur started in 1970s when Gaddis were included among scheduled tribes. Under the Fifth Five Year Plan, the tribal sub-plan was introduced in 1974 and Bharmaur was designated as one of the five Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDP) in Himachal Pradesh. This area development plan was aimed at improving the quality of life of the Gaddis.
Which of the following tribal communities dominate in Bharmaur region?
Bharmaur tribal area comprises Bharmaur and Holi tehsils of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. It is a notified tribal area since 21st November, 1975. Bharmaur is inhabited by a tribal community who have maintained a distinct identity in the Himalayan region as they practised transhumance and conversed through Gaddiali dialect. Bharmaur tribal region has harsh climate conditions, low resource base and fragile environment. These factors have influenced the society and economy of the region. According to the 2011 census, the total population of Bharmaur sub-division was 39,113 i.e., 21 persons per sq km. It is one of the most backward areas of Himachal Pradesh. Historically, the Gaddis have experienced geographical and political isolation and socio-economic deprivation. The economy is largely based on agriculture and allied activities such as sheep and goat rearing. The process of development of tribal area of Bharmaur started in 1970s when Gaddis were included among scheduled tribes. Under the Fifth Five Year Plan, the tribal sub-plan was introduced in 1974 and Bharmaur was designated as one of the five Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDP) in Himachal Pradesh. This area development plan was aimed at improving the quality of life of the Gaddis.
What is the major aim of Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP)?
Bharmaur tribal area comprises Bharmaur and Holi tehsils of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. It is a notified tribal area since 21st November, 1975. Bharmaur is inhabited by a tribal community who have maintained a distinct identity in the Himalayan region as they practised transhumance and conversed through Gaddiali dialect. Bharmaur tribal region has harsh climate conditions, low resource base and fragile environment. These factors have influenced the society and economy of the region. According to the 2011 census, the total population of Bharmaur sub-division was 39,113 i.e., 21 persons per sq km. It is one of the most backward areas of Himachal Pradesh. Historically, the Gaddis have experienced geographical and political isolation and socio-economic deprivation. The economy is largely based on agriculture and allied activities such as sheep and goat rearing. The process of development of tribal area of Bharmaur started in 1970s when Gaddis were included among scheduled tribes. Under the Fifth Five Year Plan, the tribal sub-plan was introduced in 1974 and Bharmaur was designated as one of the five Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDP) in Himachal Pradesh. This area development plan was aimed at improving the quality of life of the Gaddis.
What was the main objective to construct the Indira Gandhi Canal?
Indira Gandhi Canal, previously known as the Rajasthan Canal, is one of the largest canal systems in India. Conceived by Kanwar Sain in 1948, the canal project was launched on 31 March, 1958. The canal originates at Harike barrage in Punjab and runs parallel to Pakistan border at an average distance of 40 km in Thar Desert (Marusthali) of Rajasthan. The total planned length of the system is 9,060 km catering to the irrigation needs of a total culturable command area of 1963 lakh hectares. Out of the total command area, about 70 percent was envisaged to be irrigated by flow system and the rest by lift system. The construction work of the canal system has been carried out through two stages. The command area of Stage-I lies in Ganganagar, Hanumangarh and northern part of Bikaner districts. It has a gently undulating topography and its culturable command area is 553 lakh hectares. The command area of Stage-II is spread over Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, Nagaur and Churu districts covering culturable command area of 1410 lakh ha. It comprises desert land dotted with shifting sand dunes and temperature soaring to 50°C in summers. In the lift canal, the water is lifted up to make it to flow against the slope of the land. All the lift canals of Indira Gandhi system originate at the left bank of main canal while all the canals on the right bank of main canal are flow channels. Irrigation in Stage-I command area of the canal was introduced in early 1960s, whereas the command area of Stage-II began receiving irrigation in mid-1980s. The introduction of canal irrigation in this dry land has transformed its ecology, economy and society. It has influenced the environmental conditions of the region both positively as well as negatively. The availability of soil moisture for a longer period of time and various afforestation and pasture development programmes under CAD have resulted in greening the land. This has also helped in reducing wind erosion and siltation of canal systems. But the intensive irrigation and excessive use of water has led to the emergence of twin environmental problems of waterlogging and soil salinity.
Bharmaur Tribal region belongs to which of the following states ?
Bharmaur tribal area comprises Bharmaur and Holi tehsils of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. It is a notified tribal area since 21st November, 1975. Bharmaur is inhabited by Gaddis, a tribal community who have maintained a distinct identity in the Himalayan region as they practised transhumance and conversed through Gaddiali dialect. Bharmaur tribal region has harsh climate conditions, low resource base and fragile environment. These factors have influenced the society and economy of the region. According to the 2011 census, the total population of Bharmaur sub-division was 39,113 i.e., 21 persons per sq km. It is one of the most (economically and socially) backward areas of Himachal Pradesh. Historically, the Gaddis have experienced geographical and political isolation and socio-economic deprivation. The economy is largely based on agriculture and allied activities such as sheep and goat rearing. The process of development of tribal area of Bharmaur started in 1970s when Gaddis were included among Scheduled Tribes. Under the Fifth Five Year Plan, the tribal sub-plan was introduced in 1974 and Bharmaur was designated as one of the five Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDP) in Himachal Pradesh. This area development plan was aimed at improving the quality of life of the Gaddis.
Which of the following tribal communities dominate in Bharmaur region ?
Bharmaur tribal area comprises Bharmaur and Holi tehsils of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. It is a notified tribal area since 21st November, 1975. Bharmaur is inhabited by Gaddis, a tribal community who have maintained a distinct identity in the Himalayan region as they practised transhumance and conversed through Gaddiali dialect. Bharmaur tribal region has harsh climate conditions, low resource base and fragile environment. These factors have influenced the society and economy of the region. According to the 2011 census, the total population of Bharmaur sub-division was 39,113 i.e., 21 persons per sq km. It is one of the most (economically and socially) backward areas of Himachal Pradesh. Historically, the Gaddis have experienced geographical and political isolation and socio-economic deprivation. The economy is largely based on agriculture and allied activities such as sheep and goat rearing. The process of development of tribal area of Bharmaur started in 1970s when Gaddis were included among Scheduled Tribes. Under the Fifth Five Year Plan, the tribal sub-plan was introduced in 1974 and Bharmaur was designated as one of the five Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDP) in Himachal Pradesh. This area development plan was aimed at improving the quality of life of the Gaddis.
What is the major aim of Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) ?
Bharmaur tribal area comprises Bharmaur and Holi tehsils of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. It is a notified tribal area since 21st November, 1975. Bharmaur is inhabited by Gaddis, a tribal community who have maintained a distinct identity in the Himalayan region as they practised transhumance and conversed through Gaddiali dialect. Bharmaur tribal region has harsh climate conditions, low resource base and fragile environment. These factors have influenced the society and economy of the region. According to the 2011 census, the total population of Bharmaur sub-division was 39,113 i.e., 21 persons per sq km. It is one of the most (economically and socially) backward areas of Himachal Pradesh. Historically, the Gaddis have experienced geographical and political isolation and socio-economic deprivation. The economy is largely based on agriculture and allied activities such as sheep and goat rearing. The process of development of tribal area of Bharmaur started in 1970s when Gaddis were included among Scheduled Tribes. Under the Fifth Five Year Plan, the tribal sub-plan was introduced in 1974 and Bharmaur was designated as one of the five Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDP) in Himachal Pradesh. This area development plan was aimed at improving the quality of life of the Gaddis.
Rama has been given the responsibility of preparing a development programme for a hilly area. Explain any three points which should be kept in mind while preparing the programme.
Evaluate the statement in Indian context.
Misuse of any resources will lead to fewer opportunities for future generations. Explain this statement in the context of sustainable development with examples.
Explain the benefits of the Indira Gandhi Canal in its command area.
Suggest the measures to achieve ecological sustainability in Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area.
Analyze any five measures for establishing ecological balance in the Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area.
Analyze any five positive effects of Integrated Tribal Development Project in Bharmaur Region.
To achieve sustainable development goal in the Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area requires major thrust upon the measures of environmental sustainability. Evaluate the statement.
Sustainable development in the Indira Gandhi Canal (Nahar) Command Area requires major thrust upon the measures to achieve livelihood and resource conservation. Evaluate this statement.
Discuss the objectives of Drought Prone Area Development Programme.
Analyse the results of Integrated Tribal Development Project in Bharmaur region.
Indira Gandhi Nahr Sinchayee Scheme has transformed the ecology and economy of arid regions of Rajasthan. Analyse the statement.
Case study · CBSE 2023
Indira Gandhi Canal, previously known as the Rajasthan Canal, is one of the largest canal systems in India. Conceived by Kanwar Sain in 1948, the canal project was launched on 31 March, 1958. The canal originates at Harike barrage in Punjab and runs parallel to Pakistan border at an average distance of 40 km in Thar Desert (Marusthali) of Rajasthan. The total planned length of the system is 9,060 km catering to the irrigation needs of a total culturable command area of 1963 lakh hectares. Out of the total command area, about 70 percent was envisaged to be irrigated by flow system and the rest by lift system. The construction work of the canal system has been carried out through two stages. The command area of Stage-I lies in Ganganagar, Hanumangarh and northern part of Bikaner districts. It has a gently undulating topography and its culturable command area is 553 lakh hectares. The command area of Stage-II is spread over Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, Nagaur and Churu districts covering culturable command area of 1410 lakh ha. It comprises desert land dotted with shifting sand dunes and temperature soaring to 50°C in summers. In the lift canal, the water is lifted up to make it to flow against the slope of the land. All the lift canals of Indira Gandhi system originate at the left bank of main canal while all the canals on the right bank of main canal are flow channels. Irrigation in Stage-I command area of the canal was introduced in early 1960s, whereas the command area of Stage-II began receiving irrigation in mid-1980s. The introduction of canal irrigation in this dry land has transformed its ecology, economy and society. It has influenced the environmental conditions of the region both positively as well as negatively. The availability of soil moisture for a longer period of time and various afforestation and pasture development programmes under CAD have resulted in greening the land. This has also helped in reducing wind erosion and siltation of canal systems. But the intensive irrigation and excessive use of water has led to the emergence of twin environmental problems of waterlogging and soil salinity.
What was the main objective to construct of Indira Gandhi Canal?
What is the major benefit of this Canal in the command area?
What is the negative impact of this Canal?
Case study · CBSE 2022
The social benefits derived from Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) include tremendous increase in literacy rate, improvement in sex ratio and decline in child marriage. The female literacy rate in the region increased from 1·88 per cent in 1971 to 65 per cent in 2011. The difference between males and females in literacy level i.e., gender inequality, has also declined. Traditionally, the Gaddis had subsistence agricultural-cum-pastoral economy having emphasis on foodgrains and livestock production. But during the last three decades of twentieth century, the cultivation of pulses and other cash crops has increased in Bharmaur region. But the crop cultivation is still done with traditional technology. The declining importance of pastoralism in the economy of the region can be gauged from the fact that at present only about one-tenth of the total households practise transhumance. But the Gaddis are still very mobile as a sizeable section of them migrate to Kangra and surrounding areas during winter to earn their living from wage labour.
Why is the importance of pastoralism declining in Bharmaur region?
Mention any two Development priorities of Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP).
(4.1) Mention any two Development Priorities of Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP).
Mention any two priorities of the Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP).
(4.3) Why is the importance of pastoralism declining in Bharmaur region?
Which one of the following organisations regulate the air traffic of major airports of India?
Which one of the following inland waterway and its stretch is correctly matched?
Which one of the following set of cities falling on the 'Golden Quadrilateral' are arranged in a clock-wise direction from Delhi?
Which one of the following cities serve as headquarter of two railway zones?
'Kottapuram to Kollam' is the stretch of which one of the following National Waterways ?
Which one of the following organisations constructed the Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur gas pipeline ?
Which one of the following set of places are connected by the 'Atal Tunnel'?
Which one of the following institutions constructed the 'Golden Quadrilateral Project' ?
The 'North-South Corridor' connects which of the following set of cities ?
The 'East-West Corridor' connects which of the following set of cities?
Which one of the following is the prime objective of 'Border Roads Organisation'?
After independence ________ was introduced to improve the condition of roads in India.
Choose the correctly matched pair: (Railway Zone) - (Headquarter)
Which one of the following set of states are the partners in 'Konkan Railway' ?
Match Column I with Column II correctly and choose the appropriate option: Column I (Waterways) - a. National Waterway No. 1, b. National Waterway No. 2, c. National Waterway No. 3, d. National Waterway No. 4; Column II (Stretch) - i. Godavari-Krishna Rivers with Kakinada, ii. Prayagraj − Haldia, iii. Kottapuram − Kollam, iv. Sadiya − Dhubri
At present, the Grand Trunk Road extends between which of the following two cities ?
Which of the following pair of cities are terminal stations of East-West Corridor in India?
Match Column I with Column II correctly and choose the appropriate option: Column I (Railway Zone) - a. Northern, b. Southern, c. Eastern, d. Western; Column II (Headquarter) - i. Chennai, ii. Mumbai, iii. New Delhi, iv. Kolkata
Match Column I with Column II correctly and choose the appropriate option: Column I (Railway Zone): a. North Eastern, b. South Eastern, c. North Western, d. South Western. Column II (Headquarter): i. Kolkata, ii. Hubli, iii. Gorakhpur, iv. Jaipur.
Which of the following pair of cities are terminal stations of North-South Corridor in India?
Which one of the following states is not a partner of 'Konkan Railway'?
The objective of Border Roads Organisation is:
The objective of state highways is:
Which one of the following plan was introduced to improve the conditions of roads in India?
The road between Chandigarh and Manali was constructed by which of the following?
The road between Chandigarh-Manali was constructed by which of the following?
Which one of the following is the biggest government undertaking in the country ?
Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option: Column I (Railway Zones): 1. North Eastern 2. West Central 3. East Central 4. South Central Column II (Headquarters): (i) Jabalpur (ii) Hajipur (iii) Secunderabad (iv) Gorakhpur
The two correct terminal points of North-South Corridor of India are which of the following?
Choose the correct option regarding the stretch of National Waterways No. 1 :
Mark (A) on the diagram is related to which of the following places?
Mark (B) on the diagram is related to which of the following places?
Read the programmes related to the proposed Bharatmala umbrella scheme carefully and choose the correct option: I. Backward areas, religious and tourist places connectivity programme II. To interconnect the four metropolitan cities of the country III. To develop State roads in adjoining coastal areas IV. To connect non-major ports in coastal states
Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option: Column I (Railway Zones) - Column II (Headquarters) 1. North Eastern - (i) Jabalpur 2. West Central - (ii) Hajipur 3. East Central - (iii) Secunderabad 4. South Central - (iv) Gorakhpur
Which of the following are the correct two terminal places of North-South Corridor?
Which among the following is the westernmost station of East-West corridor?
Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option: Column I (Railway zone) - i. North Central, ii. East Central, iii. West Central, iv. South Central; Column II (Headquarter) - 1. Secunderabad, 2. Allahabad/Prayagraj, 3. Hajipur, 4. Jabalpur
Which of the following features is not true regarding NHAI?
Which one of the following is the easternmost station of the East-West corridor ?
Which of the following is not true regarding the development of border roads ?
Explain any two features of National Waterway Number-1.
Why has the Indian Railways launched an extensive programme to convert metre and narrow gauges to broad gauge? Explain.
Konkan Railways is considered an arterial line of commerce. Justify the statement.
Explain the role of oil and gas pipelines in the economic development of the country.
Explain the need to extend the network of national highways in India.
Explain the role of 'border roads' in the defence of the nation.
Explain the main characteristics of pipeline transport system in India.
Explain the functions of the National Highway Authority of India.
Metro rail has revolutionised the urban transport system in India. Support the statement with examples.
How does personal communication system enable the user to establish direct contact with the world of knowledge and information? Analyse.
Classify Indian roads on the basis of construction and maintenance and explain them.
Explain the importance of rail transport in India.
Support the statement: Indian Railways serve the economic needs of the country as a lifeline.
Indian Railway is one of the longest railway networks in the world. Support the statement.
Indian railway network is one of the longest railway networks in the world. Examine the importance of the statement.
The development of science and technology in India has made significant contributions to bringing a revolution in the field of communication. Examine this statement.
Name the western terminal of East-West Corridor.
Which one of the following contributes maximum in India's export?
Which one of the following ports is situated at 'Zuari Estuary'?
Between 2010 − 11 and 2016 − 17, which one of the following regions had the lowest difference in imports ? Direction of India's Import Trade (in ₹ crore): Europe (323857 to 403972), Africa (118612 to 193327), North America (100602 to 195332), Latin America (64576 to 115762), Asia and ASEAN (1029881 to 1544520)
Which one of the following shows the correct increase in imports with Africa between 2010 − 11 and 2016 − 17 ?
Arrange the following regions of the world from the lowest to the highest order on the bases of imports during 2016 − 17 and choose the correct option: I. Europe II. Africa III. North America IV. Latin America
Between 2010-11 and 2016-17, which one of the following regions had the lowest difference in imports? Direction of India's Import Trade (in ₹ crore): Europe (2010-11: 323857, 2016-17: 403972), Africa (2010-11: 118612, 2016-17: 193327), North America (2010-11: 100602, 2016-17: 195332), Latin America (2010-11: 64576, 2016-17: 115762), Asia and ASEAN (2010-11: 1029881, 2016-17: 1544520)
Between 2010-11 and 2016-17, which one of the following regions had the lowest difference in imports?
Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The significance of Kolkata sea port has declined in the recent times. Reason (R): Kolkata port is confronted with the problem of silt accumulation in the Hugli river.
Which of the following sea ports in India has been developed specially to import petroleum and fertilizers?
In 2016-17, arrange the following goods/items manufactured by India in descending order of their percentages and choose the correct option: I. Crude and petroleum products II. Manufactured goods III. Agriculture and allied products IV. Ore and minerals
Arrange the goods/commodities exported by India in 2016-17 in descending order of their percentages and choose the correct option: I. Crude and petroleum products II. Manufactured goods III. Agriculture and allied products IV. Ore and minerals
Arrange the following items exported by India during 2016-17 in descending order of their percentages and choose the correct option: I. Crude and petroleum products II. Manufactured goods III. Agriculture and allied products IV. Ore and minerals
Which of the following seaports is located on Mahanadi delta?
Why has Kolkata port minimised its significance?
The port designed to receive petroleum, petroleum products and fertilizers is:
India's foreign trade is mainly carried through which of the following routes?
India's foreign trade is mainly conducted through which routes?
Explain the main reasons for the increase in imports of petroleum in India.
Explain the increasing pattern of exports of manufactured goods in India.
"Indian sea ports continued to grow after independence." Support the statement with examples.
Explain the main characteristics of Kolkata sea port and its hinterland.
Analyse the importance of Indian seaports in the development of international trade.
Analyse the changes in India's composition of foreign trade.
Analyse the role of air transport in 'international trade' of India.
Analyse the changing pattern of export composition in India between 2009 to 2017.
Explain the characteristics of Mumbai sea port.
Explain the Indian sea ports as gateways of international trade.
Why are sea ports known as gateways of international trade in India? Explain.
Case study · CBSE 2023
Extent of gap between Exports and Imports in 2012-13 to 2016-17
(18.1) In which year was the gap between imports and exports the maximum ?
Case study · CBSE 2023
Extent of gap between Exports and Imports in 2012-13 to 2016-17. Source: Economic Survey, 2016-17
(18.1) In which year was the gap between imports and exports the maximum?
Case study · CBSE 2023
Extent of gap between Exports and Imports in India 2012-13 to 2016-17. Source: Economic Survey, 2016-17
In which year was the gap between imports and exports the maximum ?
Which one of the following has classified 'wastelands' in India?
Which one of the following is a natural process of land degradation ?
The Watershed Management Programme in Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh was funded by which one of the following ministries ?
Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in the irrigated area of desert ?
The loudness of the sound is measured in the unit known as:
The 'Swachh Bharat Mission' is part of which one of the following ?
Which one of the following is not applicable to 'Namami Gange Programme'?
Read the following factors of population migration in India from rural to urban areas carefully and choose the correct option of push factors. I. Unemployment II. Job opportunities III. Economic backwardness IV. Lack of medical facilities
Identify the correct set of water-borne diseases.
Identify the practical measure from the following to control air pollution in the metropolitan cities in India. Choose the most appropriate option.
The pressure on agricultural land increases not only due to the limited availability, but also by deterioration of land. In the context of this statement read the following reasons carefully and choose the correct option. I. Soil erosion and waterlogging. II. Salinisation and alkalinisation of soil. III. Rich land fertility and multiple cropping. IV. Decline in land productivity.
The pressure on agricultural land increases not only due to the limited land but also due to various other reasons. In the context of this statement read the following reasons carefully and choose the correct option. I. Soil erosion and waterlogging. II. Salinisation and alkalinisation of soil. III. Rich land fertility and multiple cropping. IV. Decline in land productivity.
Which one of the following is the main polluter of Yamuna water in Delhi?
Choose an objective of the Namami Gange Programme from the following:
The successful implementation of watershed management programme in Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh was funded by which one of the following?
Which one of the following diseases is caused by water pollution ?
Swach Bharat Mission has been launched by which one of the following?
Which one of the following is not the objective of Namami Gange Programme ?
Read the given statement carefully and answer the question that follows : Most of the industrial waste is thrown into water or lakes. Which among the following group of industries are the major source of water pollution ? Choose the most appropriate option.
Which one of the following is an example of solid waste?
Read the following sources of land pollution carefully and choose the correct option: I. Improper human activities II. Untreated industrial waste III. Practice of primitive subsistence agriculture IV. Use of pesticides and fertilizers
Which one of the following is the demographic consequence of rural-urban migration?
Ramesh has been working in contract as a welder on a construction site in Talcher (coal region of Odisha) for the last two years. He moved with the contractor to various places like Surat, Mumbai, Gandhi Nagar, Bharuch, Jamnagar and so on. He remits ₹20,000 per year to his father in his native village. The remittances have been mainly used for daily consumption, healthcare, schooling of children, etc. Part of the money is also used in agriculture, purchasing of land and building of houses, etc. The standard of living of Ramesh's family has improved significantly. Fifteen years ago, the situation was not the same. The family was passing through very tough times. Three of his brothers and their families had to survive on three acres of land. The family was highly in debt. Ramesh had to discontinue his studies after ninth standard. He was further hard pressed when he got married. Simultaneously, he was also impressed by some successful out-migrants of his village who had been working in Ludhiana and supporting their families in the village by sending money and some consumer goods. Thus, due to abject poverty in the family and perceived job promises at Ludhiana, he made a move to Punjab with his friend. He worked there in a woolen factory for six months at the rate of only ₹20 per day in 1988. Apart from the crisis of managing his personal expenditure from this meagre income, he was also facing difficulty in assimilation to the new culture and environment. Then he decided to change his place of work from Ludhiana to Surat under the guidance of his friend. He learnt the skills of welding in Surat and after that he has been moving to different places with the same contractor. Though the economic condition of Ramesh's family has improved, his migration has the downside of separation of his near and dear ones. He cannot shift them with him, as the job is temporary and transferable.
Which one of the following is the meaning of remittance ?
Ramesh has been working in contract as a welder on a construction site in Talcher (coal region of Odisha) for the last two years. He moved with the contractor to various places like Surat, Mumbai, Gandhi Nagar, Bharuch, Jamnagar and so on. He remits ₹20,000 per year to his father in his native village. The remittances have been mainly used for daily consumption, healthcare, schooling of children, etc. Part of the money is also used in agriculture, purchasing of land and building of houses, etc. The standard of living of Ramesh's family has improved significantly. Fifteen years ago, the situation was not the same. The family was passing through very tough times. Three of his brothers and their families had to survive on three acres of land. The family was highly in debt. Ramesh had to discontinue his studies after ninth standard. He was further hard pressed when he got married. Simultaneously, he was also impressed by some successful out-migrants of his village who had been working in Ludhiana and supporting their families in the village by sending money and some consumer goods. Thus, due to abject poverty in the family and perceived job promises at Ludhiana, he made a move to Punjab with his friend. He worked there in a woolen factory for six months at the rate of only ₹20 per day in 1988. Apart from the crisis of managing his personal expenditure from this meagre income, he was also facing difficulty in assimilation to the new culture and environment. Then he decided to change his place of work from Ludhiana to Surat under the guidance of his friend. He learnt the skills of welding in Surat and after that he has been moving to different places with the same contractor. Though the economic condition of Ramesh's family has improved, the job entails separation of his near and dear ones. He cannot shift them with him, as the job is temporary and transferable.
The main cause of rural-urban migration in India is:
Ramesh has been working in contract as a welder on a construction site in Talcher (coal region of Odisha) for the last two years. He moved with the contractor to various places like Surat, Mumbai, Gandhi Nagar, Bharuch, Jamnagar and so on. He remits ₹20,000 per year to his father in his native village. The remittances have been mainly used for daily consumption, healthcare, schooling of children, etc. Part of the money is also used in agriculture, purchasing of land and building of houses, etc. The standard of living of Ramesh's family has improved significantly. Fifteen years ago, the situation was not the same. The family was passing through very tough times. Three of his brothers and their families had to survive on three acres of land. The family was highly in debt. Ramesh had to discontinue his studies after ninth standard. He was further hard pressed when he got married. Simultaneously, he was also impressed by some successful out-migrants of his village who had been working in Ludhiana and supporting their families in the village by sending money and some consumer goods. Thus, due to abject poverty in the family and perceived job promises at Ludhiana, he made a move to Punjab with his friend. He worked there in a woolen factory for six months at the rate of only ₹20 per day in 1988. Apart from the crisis of managing his personal expenditure from this meagre income, he was also facing difficulty in assimilation to the new culture and environment. Then he decided to change his place of work from Ludhiana to Surat under the guidance of his friend. He learnt the skills of welding in Surat and after that he has been moving to different places with the same contractor. Though the economic condition of Ramesh's family has improved, the job entails separation of his near and dear ones. He cannot shift them with him, as the job is temporary and transferable.
Which one of the following is the cause of acid rain?
Which one of the following is a major polluting industry?
Which of the following is not the cause of land pollution?
Which of the following is not a cause of noise pollution?
Suggest the measures to overcome the problem of water pollution in India.
Suggest the measures to overcome the problem of air pollution in India.
Suggest the measures to overcome the problem of noise pollution in India.
India experiences high flow of population from rural areas towards urban areas. Explain this statement.
Explain any three problems of slums in India.
Explain any three measures to solve the problem of urban waste disposal in India.
Why is urban waste disposal becoming a serious problem in India ? Suggest measures to solve this problem.
''Human-made processes are more responsible than natural processes for increase in wasteland.'' Support the statement and suggest measures to reduce this problem.
Explain the causes of air pollution and suggest any three measures to overcome it.
Explain the main causes of air pollution in India. Suggest measures to solve the problem.
Explain the causes and consequences of rural to urban migration.
Evaluate the impact of urban waste disposal problem and suggest any two measures to overcome it.
Explain with examples how industrial expansion has led to degradation of the quality of water.
Suggest any five measures to solve the problem of air pollution in India.
Suggest any five measures for prevention of water pollution in India and explain them.
Urban slum congestion has become a grave problem in India. Justify this statement with examples.
Slum settlements are residential areas with severe health and socio-environmental problems. Examine this statement.
How is urban slum settlement a serious problem in India? Suggest measures to solve this problem.
How is urban destitution in India a serious problem? Suggest measures to solve this problem.
Indiscriminate use of water by increasing population and industrial expansion has led to degradation of the quality of water considerably. Analyse the statement.
Case study · CBSE 2026
Water Pollution: Industries produce several undesirable products including industrial wastes, polluted waste water, poisonous gases, chemical residuals, numerous heavy metals, dust, smoke, etc. Most of the industrial wastes are disposed off in running water or lakes. Consequently, poisonous elements reach the reservoirs, rivers and other water bodies, which destroy the bio-system of these waters. Major water polluting industries are leather, pulp and paper, textiles and chemicals.
Explain how industries are the major contributor of water pollution in India.
Case study · CBSE 2026
Water Pollution: Water pollution is a source of various water-borne diseases. The diseases commonly caused due to contaminated water are diarrhoea, intestinal worms, hepatitis, etc. The World Health Organization shows that about one-fourth of the communicable diseases in India are water-borne. Though river pollution is common to all rivers, yet pollution of the river Ganga flowing through one of the most populous regions of India has caused great concerns among all. To improve the condition of the river, National Mission for Clean Ganga was initiated. The Namami Gange Programme has been launched for the same.
Describe the main cause of water pollution.
Case study · CBSE 2026
Water Pollution: Various types of chemicals used in modern agriculture such as inorganic fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides are pollution generating components. These chemicals are washed down to rivers, lakes and tanks. These chemicals also infiltrate the soil to reach the ground water. Fertiliser induces an increase in the nitrate content of surface waters. Manufacturing and improper domestic waste disposal also cause water pollution in India.
Explain the role of agricultural practices in water pollution.
(19.1) Explain the role of agricultural practices in water pollution.
(18.1) Explain the role of agricultural practices in water pollution.
Case study · CBSE 2024
Dharavi There is only one main road that traverses Dharavi, which has been reduced to less than half of that for most of its length. Some of the side alleys and lanes are so narrow that not even a bicycle can pass. The whole neighbourhood consists of temporary buildings, two or three storeyed high with rusty iron stairways to the upper part, where a single room is rented by a whole family, sometimes accommodating 10-12 people; it is a kind of tropical version of the industrial dwelling of early industrial Britain. But Dharavi is a keeper of more sombre secrets than the revulsion it inspires in the rich; a revulsion, moreover, that is, in direct proportion to the role it serves in the creation of the wealth of Bombay. In this place of shadowless, treeless sunlight, uncollected garbage, stagnant pools of foul water, where the only creatures are the shining black crows and long grey rats, some of the most beautiful, valuable and useful articles in India are made. From Dharavi come delicate ceramics and pottery, exquisite embroidery and zari work, sophisticated leather goods, high-fashion garments, finely-wrought metalwork, delicate jewellery settings, wood carvings and furniture that would find its way into the houses, both in India and abroad.
Describe the physical condition of Dharavi.
(19.1) Describe the physical condition of Dharavi.
Explain the main objective of Swachh Bharat Mission in the context of Dharavi.
Case study · CBSE 2024
Land Degradation: The pressure on agricultural land increases not only due to the limited availability but also by deterioration of quality of agricultural land. Soil erosion, waterlogging, salinisation and alkalinisation of land lead to land degradation. What happens if land is consistently used without managing its fertility? Land is degraded and productivity declines. Land degradation is generally understood either as a temporary or a permanent decline in productive capacity of the land. Though all degraded land may not be wasteland, but unchecked process of degradation may lead to the conversion to wasteland. There are two processes that induce land degradation. These are natural and created by human beings. National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) has classified wastelands by using remote sensing techniques and it is possible to categorise these wastelands according to the processes that have created them. There are a few types of wastelands such as gullied/ravinous land, desertic or coastal sands, barren rocky areas, steep sloping land, and glacial areas, which are primarily caused by natural agents. There are other types of degraded lands such as waterlogged and marshy areas, land affected by salinity and alkalinity and land with or without scrub, which have largely been caused by natural as well as human factors. There are some other types of wastelands such as degraded shifting cultivation area, degraded land under plantation crops, degraded forests, degraded pastures, and mining and industrial wastelands, that are caused by human action.
Explain the meaning of land degradation.
Clarify the meaning of land degradation.
(19.1) Clarify the meaning of land degradation.
Case study · CBSE 2023
Daurala near Meerut presents a role model to restore the ecology and safeguard human health. A Meerut based NGO had developed a model for ecological restoration. The meeting of the Daurala industries officials, NGOs, Government officials and other stakeholders at Meerut has brought out results. The powerful logics, authentic studies and the pressure of people have brought a new lease of life to the twelve thousand residents of this village. It was in the year 2003 that the pitiable condition of Dauralaites drew the attention of the civil society. The groundwater of this village was contaminated with heavy metals. The reason was that the untreated wastewater of Daurala industries was leaching to the groundwater table. The NGOs conducted a door-to-door survey of the health status of the residents and came out with a report. The together to find out sustainable solutions to the health problem. The industrialists showed a keen interest towards checking the deteriorating ecology and a 900 m extra pipeline was laid to supply potable water to the community. The silted pond of the village was cleaned and recharged by desilting it. Large quantity of silt was removed paving way to large quantity of water so that it recharged the aquifers. Rainwater harvesting structures have been constructed at different places which has helped in diluting the contaminants of the groundwater after the monsoon. 1000 trees have also been planted which have improved the environment.
What is meant by water pollution?
Explain the role of industrialists in checking the deteriorating ecology.
Case study · CBSE 2023
A Role Model to Restore the Ecology and Safeguard Human Health in Daurala. Ecological restoration and human health safeguard took place in Daurala near Meerut. These efforts are now bearing fruits after a span of three years when a Meerut based NGO had developed a model for ecological restoration. The meeting of the Daurala industries officials, NGOs, Government officials and other stakeholders at Meerut has brought out results. The powerful logics, authentic studies and the pressure of people have brought a new lease of life to the twelve thousand residents of this village. It was in the year 2003 that the pitiable condition of Dauralaites drew the attention of the civil society. The groundwater of this village was contaminated with heavy metals. The reason was that the untreated wastewater of Daurala industries was leaching to the groundwater table. The NGOs conducted a door-to-door survey of the health status of the residents and came out with a report. The organization, rural community and public representatives sat together to find out sustainable solutions to the health problem. The industrialists showed a keen interest towards checking the deteriorating ecology, and a 900 m extra pipeline was laid to supply potable water to the community. The silted pond of the village was cleaned and recharged by desilting it. Large quantity of silt was removed paving way to large quantity of water so that it recharged the aquifers. Rainwater harvesting structures have been constructed at different places which has helped in diluting the contaminants of the groundwater after the monsoon. 1000 trees have also been planted which have improved the environment.
What is meant by water pollution?
Case study · CBSE 2023
A Role Model to Restore the Ecology and Safeguard Human Health in Daurala. These efforts are now bearing fruits after a span of three years when a Meerut based NGO had developed a model for ecological restoration. The meeting of the Daurala industries officials, NGOs, Government officials and other stakeholders at Meerut has brought out results. The powerful logics, authentic studies and the pressure of people have brought a new lease of life to the twelve thousand residents of this village. It was in the year 2003 that the pitiable condition of Dauralaites drew the attention of the civil society. The groundwater of this village was contaminated with heavy metals. The reason was that the untreated wastewater of Daurala industries was leaching to the groundwater table. The NGOs conducted a door-to-door survey of the health status of the residents and came out with a report. The organizations, civil society and public representatives came together to find out sustainable solutions to the health problem. The industrialists showed a keen interest towards checking the deteriorating condition. The capacity of the overhead tank in the village was enhanced and a 900 m extra pipeline was laid to supply potable water to the community. The silted pond of the village was cleaned and recharged by desilting it. Large quantity of silt was removed paving way to large quantity of water so that it recharged the aquifers. Rainwater harvesting structures have been constructed at different places which has helped in diluting the contaminants of the groundwater after the monsoon. 1000 trees have also been planted which have improved the environment.
What is meant by water pollution?
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