Vitamin-M

Q: Which of the following is NOT a reason Grandpa disliked living in the city?

The flat was too expensive to rent. The text never mentions the cost of the flat; Grandpa's complaints focus on noise, crowds, and missing his old home.

Q: What does the word 'frail' in the phrase 'the frail old figure' suggest about Grandpa?

He was physically weak and delicate due to old age. 'Frail' describes physical weakness and fragility, which is why Ravi's mother is worried about his safety.

NCERT Class 9 · English Based on NCERT Class 9 English textbook · Free CBSE study kit

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Chapter Notes

Overview

This chapter explores the theme of caring for the elderly through a heartwarming story about Ravi, his grandfather, and the challenges of intergenerational living. It highlights the problems faced by the elderly, such as failing memory, physical frailty, and loss of independence, while also celebrating their wisdom, generosity, and spirit. The one big idea a student must walk away with is that the elderly deserve respect, patience, and love, and that we can learn valuable life lessons from them.

Key Concepts (30)

Vitamin-M

A fictional memory vitamin invented by Ravi's mother, symbolizing the need for a remedy to improve the memory of elderly people.

e.g. Ravi's mother wished for Vitamin-M to help Grandpa remember things better, like taking his medicines on time.

frail

Physically weak and delicate, often due to old age or illness.

e.g. Grandpa was described as a frail old figure sitting in a rocking chair, holding the newspaper inches from his nose.

shuddered

To shake or tremble suddenly, often from fear, disgust, or a strong emotion.

e.g. Ravi's mother shuddered at the memory of the difficult month when Grandpa had to be admitted to the hospital.

poky

Small, cramped, and uncomfortable (used for a room or building).

e.g. Grandpa called the flat 'poky' and complained about living in a crowded city.

forbid

To order someone not to do something; to prohibit.

e.g. Grandpa felt his daughter had no right to forbid him from going out on his own.

pottering

To spend time doing small, unimportant tasks in a relaxed and unhurried way.

e.g. Grandpa slipped and fell in the garden while he was pottering around.

winced

To show an expression of embarrassment or pain by a slight involuntary movement of the face.

e.g. Ravi winced at the over-loud tone his mother used when speaking to Grandpa, as if speaking to a child.

jauntily

In a lively, cheerful, and confident manner.

e.g. Grandpa went off, twirling his walking stick jauntily, leaving Ravi in a dilemma.

dilemma

A situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives, especially equally undesirable ones.

e.g. Ravi was in a dilemma: if he accompanied Grandpa, Grandpa would feel hurt; if he let him go alone, his mother would be furious.

crouch

To bend the body low, often to hide or to get under something.

e.g. Ravi had to crouch behind a bush trimmed in the shape of an elephant to avoid being seen by Grandpa.

ducking

Moving your head or body down quickly to avoid something or to hide.

e.g. Ravi had to crawl out of the park on all fours, ducking behind the benches and creeping behind the bushes.

deterred

Prevented from doing something, especially by fear of consequences or difficulty.

e.g. Sprinting for the bus and jumping on to it seconds before it started would have deterred a lesser detective, but not Ravi.

confront

To face someone or something, especially in a challenging or hostile way.

e.g. Ravi pushed his way to the front of the bus to confront the cap-wearer, only to find a stranger.

frantic

Very frightened, worried, or anxious, often to the point of losing control.

e.g. Ravi was frantic when he couldn't find Grandpa at the barber shop or the park.

creases

Lines or folds, especially on skin or fabric.

e.g. Grandpa's wrinkled skin had more creases than lines on a map.

darted

Looked at somebody quickly and briefly.

e.g. Ravi's mother flushed and darted a stricken look at the calendar on which she had circled Grandpa's birthday.

trailing

Following someone secretly, often to observe their movements.

e.g. Grandpa's gift book, 'The Best Detective Stories', contained tips on how to avoid getting fooled when trailing a suspect.

solemnly

In a serious, sincere, and formal manner.

e.g. Grandpa said solemnly that Ravi could pick up tips on how to be a detective from the book.

bustle

Busy and noisy activity.

e.g. Grandpa hated the noise and bustle of city life.

nostalgic

Feeling or expressing a sentimental longing for the past.

e.g. Grandpa spoke longingly of his small brick house, showing a nostalgic emotion.

wistful

Having or showing a feeling of vague or regretful longing.

e.g. Grandpa's description of his old home was wistful, as he missed the quiet and the mango tree.

refrain

A poetic device where a line or group of lines is repeated at regular intervals in a poem.

e.g. In the poem 'I Cannot Remember My Mother', the line 'I cannot remember my mother' is used as a refrain.

symbolism

A literary device in which a writer uses a tangible object, abstract idea, or phenomenon that represents something beyond the literal meaning.

e.g. In the poem, the shiuli flowers and the tune symbolize the poet's mother's presence.

alliteration

The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

e.g. In the poem, 'stillness of my mother's gaze' is an example of alliteration (repetition of 's' sound).

onomatopoeia

The formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named.

e.g. In the story, words like 'boomed', 'thudded', 'shrieks', 'whirr', and 'grunted' are examples of onomatopoeia.

direct speech

The exact words spoken by a person, enclosed in quotation marks.

e.g. "Shall we play chess or watch the cricket match on TV, Grandpa?" asked Ravi.

indirect speech (reported speech)

Reporting someone else's words without using their exact words, often with changes in tense, pronouns, and time/place references.

e.g. Ravi asked Grandpa if they should play chess or watch the cricket match on TV.

prepositions

Words used to show the relationship of a noun or pronoun to other words in a sentence, often indicating direction, location, time, or manner.

e.g. In the phrase 'walk across to the corner shop', 'across' and 'to' are prepositions showing direction.

intonation

The rise and fall of the pitch of the voice while speaking, which can indicate the sentiment or expected response in questions.

e.g. In Wh-questions, we use a falling intonation; in Yes/No questions, we use a rising intonation.

interrogative sentences

Sentences that ask a question. They can be Wh-type (beginning with who, what, where, when, why, how) or Yes/No type (requiring a yes or no answer).

e.g. "Who are you?" is a Wh-type interrogative sentence. "Are you playing hide and seek?" is a Yes/No type.

How It Works

Transforming Direct Speech to Indirect Speech (Interrogative Sentences)

Step 1: Identify the reporting verb and the quoted interrogative sentence.
Step 2: Determine if the question is a Wh-type (who, what, where, when, why, how) or a Yes/No type.
Step 3: For Wh-type questions, use the same 'wh' word next to the reporting verb. For Yes/No questions, use 'if' or 'whether' next to the reporting verb.
Step 4: Change the interrogative sentence into a declarative sentence (remove the question mark and change word order).
Step 5: Change the tense of the verb (e.g., present to past, past to past perfect).
Step 6: Change pronouns (e.g., I to he/she, we to they, you to he/she/they).
Step 7: Change time and place references (e.g., here to there, now to then, today to that day, tomorrow to the following day).

💡 Students often forget to change the interrogative sentence into a declarative sentence and keep the question word order. Also, for Yes/No questions, 'if' or 'whether' must be used, not the original question word.

Using Intonation in Questions

Step 1: For Wh-questions (e.g., 'What is your name?'), use a falling intonation towards the end.
Step 2: For Yes/No questions (e.g., 'Are you feeling okay?'), use a rising intonation towards the end.
Step 3: For question tags with an affirmative main clause and negative tag (e.g., 'This is your notebook, isn't it?'), use a rising intonation to show you are fairly sure of the answer.
Step 4: For question tags with a negative main clause and affirmative tag (e.g., 'You weren't in the library yesterday, were you?'), use a falling intonation to show you are unsure of the answer.
Step 5: For questions with choices (e.g., 'Shall we read this storybook or borrow another one?'), use a rise-fall intonation.

💡 Students often confuse the intonation patterns for different types of questions. Practice with examples from the story to master the correct pitch changes.

Writing an Article (Based on the Writing Task)

Step 1: Write the title at the top, followed by your name and grade below it.
Step 2: Paragraph 1: Give a brief introduction to the topic. Focus on the main idea, but do not give any details.
Step 3: Paragraph 2: Give details to support the main idea—how the elderly inspire. Include examples, facts, and quotations.
Step 4: Paragraph 3: Elaborate on how they overcame challenges and the inspiring impact on you.
Step 5: Paragraph 4: Conclude with a final comment on the topic and leave the reader with the most important ideas to think about.

💡 Students often forget to include their name and grade, or they write too many details in the introduction. Stick to the structure and ensure each paragraph has a clear purpose.

Exam Traps — Don't Make These Mistakes

⚠ Confusing 'Vitamin-M' as a Real Vitamin

✗ Vitamin-M is a real vitamin that helps improve memory in old people.

→ Vitamin-M is a fictional invention by Ravi's mother in the story. It is not a real vitamin. The chapter uses it as a symbol for the need to care for and understand the elderly.

✓ Vitamin-M is a fictional memory vitamin invented by Ravi's mother, symbolizing the need for a remedy to improve the memory of elderly people.

⚠ Misinterpreting Grandpa's Memory as Completely Failing

✗ Grandpa has completely lost his memory and cannot remember anything.

→ While Grandpa forgets some things (like names of people he meets often), he has an excellent memory for chess games and remembers his daughter's birthday. The story shows selective memory, not total failure.

✓ Grandpa has selective memory: he forgets some everyday things but remembers complex chess strategies and important family occasions like his daughter's birthday.

⚠ Thinking Ravi's Mother is Completely Wrong

✗ Ravi's mother is cruel and does not care about her father's feelings.

→ Ravi's mother is anxious and overprotective because of genuine safety concerns (Grandpa got lost, took a double dose of medicine, and fell). Her actions come from love and worry, not cruelty.

✓ Ravi's mother is caring but overprotective. Her actions are driven by genuine concern for Grandpa's safety, though she sometimes treats him like a child, which hurts his dignity.

⚠ Confusing 'Refrain' with 'Repetition' in the Poem

✗ The poem uses repetition of the line 'I cannot remember my mother'.

→ While it is a form of repetition, the specific poetic device is a 'refrain' because the line is repeated at regular intervals (at the beginning of each stanza) and serves as a structural element of the poem.

✓ The poem uses the line 'I cannot remember my mother' as a refrain, which is a line or group of lines repeated at regular intervals in a poem.

⚠ Mixing Up Direct and Indirect Speech Changes

✗ Ravi asked Grandpa that shall we play chess or watch the cricket match on TV.

→ In indirect speech, the interrogative sentence must be changed to a declarative sentence. The word order changes, and the tense and pronouns are adjusted. 'Shall' changes to 'should' or is rephrased.

✓ Ravi asked Grandpa if they should play chess or watch the cricket match on TV.

⚠ Forgetting to Change Time/Place References in Indirect Speech

✗ Ravi's mother said that she is off to work now.

→ When converting direct speech to indirect speech, 'now' should change to 'then', and the present tense 'am' should change to past tense 'was'.

✓ Ravi's mother said that she was off to work then.

Compare & Contrast

How the words of a speaker are reported

Direct Speech

Indirect Speech (Reported Speech)

Direct speech uses the exact words of the speaker enclosed in quotation marks, while indirect speech reports the meaning without quotation marks, often with changes in tense, pronouns, and time/place references.

Type of question asked

Wh-type Interrogative Sentences

Yes/No Type Interrogative Sentences

Wh-type questions begin with a question word (who, what, where, when, why, how) and cannot be answered with a simple yes or no, while Yes/No type questions can be answered with a simple yes or no and often begin with a verb (e.g., 'Are you...?', 'Do you...?').

How they perceive and treat Grandpa

Ravi's Mother's View of Grandpa

Ravi's View of Grandpa

Ravi's mother sees Grandpa as frail and incapable, treating him like a child by speaking loudly and forbidding him from going out alone. Ravi, while initially following his mother's instructions, respects Grandpa's independence and enjoys activities like playing chess with him, showing a more empathetic understanding.

Exam Focus

Marks pattern: 2 MCQs (1 mark each), 1 SA (3 marks) on character or theme, 1 LA (5 marks) on writing task (article) or reported speech transformation, and 1 extract-based question (5 marks) from the poem or story

Most asked: Character analysis of Grandpa, Ravi, and Ravi's mother · Theme of caring for the elderly and intergenerational relationships · Vocabulary words from the chapter (e.g., frail, winced, dilemma, jauntily) · Transformation of direct speech to indirect speech (interrogative sentences) · Poetic devices in 'I Cannot Remember My Mother' (refrain, symbolism, alliteration, imagery) · Prepositions and their usage

Don't skip: Long answer question on the theme of caring for the elderly with reference to the story; Transformation of direct to indirect speech for interrogative sentences; Extract-based question from the poem 'I Cannot Remember My Mother' focusing on poetic devices and symbolism

One-Line Revision (read aloud before the exam)

Vitamin-M is a fictional memory vitamin invented by Ravi's mother, symbolizing the need for a remedy to improve the memory of elderly people.
Grandpa is a former lawyer who misses his quiet village home and hates the noise and bustle of city life.
Ravi's mother is overprotective of Grandpa because he once took a double dose of medicine, got lost, and fell in the garden.
Ravi winced at his mother's over-loud tone when she spoke to Grandpa, showing his embarrassment at her treating Grandpa like a child.
Grandpa has an excellent memory for chess games but forgets the names of people he meets often, showing selective memory.
Ravi followed Grandpa secretly to ensure his safety, but Grandpa cleverly swapped his cap with a stranger and returned home safely.
Grandpa gave Ravi a detective story book as a gift, hinting that he knew Ravi had been following him.
Grandpa's habit of giving gifts on his birthday shows his generosity and his view of his children and grandchildren as his 'babies'.
The poem 'I Cannot Remember My Mother' uses the refrain 'I cannot remember my mother' to emphasize the poet's longing and fragmented memories.
In the poem, the shiuli flowers and the humming tune symbolize the poet's mother's presence through smell and sound.
The poet feels his mother's gaze in the stillness of the sky, showing that her presence is felt everywhere.
Direct speech uses the exact words of the speaker in quotation marks, while indirect speech reports the meaning with changes in tense, pronouns, and time/place references.
For Wh-type questions in indirect speech, use the same 'wh' word; for Yes/No questions, use 'if' or 'whether'.
Prepositions show the relationship of a noun or pronoun to other words, often indicating direction, location, time, or manner.
Intonation in questions varies: falling for Wh-questions, rising for Yes/No questions, and rise-fall for choice questions.
The story teaches us that the elderly deserve respect, patience, and love, and that we can learn valuable lessons from their wisdom and generosity.

MCQs — 10 Questions with Answers

Q1. What does Ravi's mother mean by 'Vitamin-M' in the opening of the story?

A. A real medicine prescribed for elderly people
B. A fictional memory supplement she wishes existed to help old people ✓
C. A vitamin prescribed by doctors to improve eyesight
D. A daily supplement that prevents elderly people from falling

Answer: B — Mother says 'somebody would invent' it, showing it's imaginary and her wish, not an existing medicine.

Q2. Why did Grandpa's daughter insist that he should not go out alone?

A. She wanted to punish him for his mistakes
B. She did not trust his intelligence or judgment
C. Because he had gotten lost on a walk and forgotten the way home, and had also overdosed on medicines by mistake ✓
D. Because he refused to take his medicines regularly

Answer: C — The text states these specific incidents last month made Ravi's mother concerned about his safety.

Q3. Which of the following is NOT a reason Grandpa disliked living in the city?

A. The city was noisy and crowded
B. He missed his quiet brick house with the mango tree
C. The flat was too expensive to rent ✓
D. He preferred the quiet life he had in his small town

Answer: C — The text never mentions the cost of the flat; Grandpa's complaints focus on noise, crowds, and missing his old home.

Q4. What does the word 'frail' in the phrase 'the frail old figure' suggest about Grandpa?

A. He was bad-tempered and angry most of the time
B. He was physically weak and delicate due to old age ✓
C. He was dishonest and unreliable in his dealings
D. He was intelligent and sharp-minded despite his age

Answer: B — 'Frail' describes physical weakness and fragility, which is why Ravi's mother is worried about his safety.

Q5. Why did Ravi feel embarrassed when his mother spoke to Grandpa in a loud, over-loud tone?

A. He was ashamed of his mother's behavior toward his grandfather
B. He thought the loud tone would damage Grandpa's hearing further
C. He felt she was treating Grandpa like a child who couldn't understand, and this was disrespectful ✓
D. He was worried that other family members would hear her speaking loudly

Answer: C — The text states Ravi 'winced' because 'she were speaking to a child who couldn't hear or understand too well,' showing he felt it was disrespectful.

Q6. When Grandpa said 'I hope you're not going to be as tiresome as your mother,' what did he mean?

A. He wanted Ravi to be exactly like his mother
B. He was afraid Ravi would also treat him like a prisoner and restrict his freedom ✓
C. He was praising Ravi for being different from his mother
D. He wanted Ravi to convince his mother to let him move back to his old house

Answer: B — Grandpa uses the word 'tiresome' negatively and mentions being treated like a 'baby' and 'prisoner,' showing he fears Ravi will also restrict his independence.

Q7. What paradox does the story reveal about Grandpa's memory?

A. He could remember his childhood but forgot recent events
B. He remembered thousands of chess games and famous matches but forgot people's names whom he met regularly ✓
C. He forgot everything except his late wife's name
D. He had perfect memory for numbers but forgot words completely

Answer: B — The text explicitly states: 'How can he remember all those thousands of chess games and still forget the names of people he meets often!'

Q8. Read this scenario: Ravi promised his mother he would not let Grandpa go out alone, but when Grandpa wanted to leave, Ravi felt torn. What does Ravi's decision to follow Grandpa secretly reveal about his character?

A. He was dishonest and deliberately broke his promise to his mother
B. He was cowardly and unable to say 'no' to his grandfather
C. He was compassionate and found a way to respect both his mother's safety concerns and his grandfather's dignity ✓
D. He was disloyal to his mother and sided completely with his grandfather

Answer: C — Following secretly was not outright disobedience but a loving compromise—he kept his promise by ensuring safety while respecting Grandpa's independence.

Q9. Which statement best explains why Grandpa refused to let his daughter restrict his freedom?

A. He wanted to prove that city life was better than village life
B. He had been self-reliant for 75 years and now suddenly being treated as incapable hurt his dignity and independence ✓
C. He was deliberately trying to upset his daughter and grandchild
D. He did not understand why safety was important at his age

Answer: B — Grandpa emphasizes 'I've been looking after myself for the better part of my seventy-five years,' showing his resistance stems from wounded pride and loss of autonomy.

Q10. What is the central conflict in 'Vitamin-M'?

A. A disagreement between Grandpa and his doctor about the right medicines
B. The tension between an elderly person's desire for independence and a family's need to keep them safe ✓
C. A competition between Ravi and his Grandfather over who should control the household
D. The dispute about whether Grandpa should live in a city or a village

Answer: B — The story's core issue is balancing respect for Grandpa's autonomy with genuine safety concerns, which creates conflict between all three characters.

Flashcards

Why did Grandpa come to live with Ravi's family?

He was too old to live alone after he fell in his garden and lay there all night without help.

What does 'Vitamin-M' mean in the story?

A fictional memory supplement that Ravi's mother wished existed to help elderly people improve their failing memories.

Why did Grandpa hate living in the city?

He missed the quiet and peace of his small brick house in town and disliked the noise and bustle of city life.

What instruction did Ravi's mother give before leaving for work?

She told Ravi not to let Grandpa go out alone because it was too dangerous for him.

How did Ravi feel when his mother spoke loudly to Grandpa?

He winced because he felt embarrassed by her over-loud tone, which made Grandpa sound like a child who couldn't hear or understand.

What excuse did Grandpa use to go out alone?

He wanted to go to the corner shop to check if the Tamil newspaper had arrived.

What was unusual about Grandpa's memory?

He could remember thousands of chess games and famous chess moves, but he forgot the names of people he met often.

Why did Ravi decide to follow Grandpa secretly?

He was caught between not wanting to hurt Grandpa's feelings and not wanting his mother to discover he had let him go out alone.

What physical objects did Grandpa carry when he went out?

He carried a shiny black mahogany walking stick with a brass eagle-head handle and wore a bright yellow cap.

What is the main theme of 'Vitamin-M'?

The story explores the conflict between respecting an elderly person's independence and ensuring their safety for their well-being.

Important Board Questions

What does Ravi's mother wish for when she mentions 'Vitamin-M'? Why does she feel the need for such a thing? (2 marks) [2 marks]

Look at the opening lines—she wishes to invent a memory supplement because Grandpa's memory is failing; she is frustrated by having to care for an elderly person whose memory loss creates problems and dangers.

Explain why Grandpa felt angry and upset when his daughter told him not to go out alone. What does his reaction reveal about his character? (3 marks) [3 marks]

He had been independent for 75 years and took care of himself and household duties even after his wife died; being suddenly forbidden to go out made him feel like a prisoner and child, which hurt his dignity and sense of self-reliance—his reaction shows he values his independence and self-respect above comfort.

Analyze Ravi's dilemma when Grandpa decided to go to the corner shop. How did Ravi resolve this conflict, and what does his solution reveal about the theme of caring for elderly people? (5 marks) [5 marks]

Ravi was caught between his promise to mother (keeping Grandpa safe by not letting him go out alone) and not wanting to hurt Grandpa by treating him like a child; he followed Grandpa secretly, which allowed him to keep both loyalties—this shows that true care for the elderly requires balancing safety with respecting their dignity and independence, not simply controlling them through restrictions.

Assertion-Reason Questions for Vitamin-M

Q1. Assertion (A):

Ravi's mother wants to invent Vitamin-M because she believes Grandpa's memory problems are his most serious health issue.

Reason (R):

Grandpa's memory loss caused him to take a double dose of medicine and forget the way home, which led to his hospitalization.

Answer: B — Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A — Both statements are true—Grandpa did have these serious memory-related incidents. However, the reason does not fully explain why memory would be considered the 'most serious' issue; the incidents are serious, but they don't necessarily make memory loss worse than other health concerns. The reason supports the assertion but isn't the complete explanation for prioritizing memory as the main issue to solve.

Q2. Assertion (A):

Grandpa's dislike of city life is purely based on the noise and crowded conditions.

Reason (R):

The text states Grandpa speaks longingly of his small brick house with the quiet surroundings and mango tree.

Answer: C — A is true but R is false — The assertion is too narrow—Grandpa dislikes the city for multiple reasons including noise, crowding, and loss of his home. The reason is true and actually demonstrates that his dislike extends beyond just noise to a deeper longing for his former life and environment, making the assertion incomplete.

Q3. Assertion (A):

Ravi's decision to secretly follow Grandpa represents a mature solution to his conflicting responsibilities.

Reason (R):

By following secretly, Ravi ensures his grandfather's safety without directly preventing him from going out, thus respecting both his mother's concerns and his grandfather's independence.

Answer: A — Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A — Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains why Ravi's solution can be seen as mature. It shows his ability to find a middle ground between two conflicting loyalties by protecting Grandpa while respecting his dignity, demonstrating sophisticated moral reasoning.

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Case-Based Questions (CBQ) for Vitamin-M

Case Study:

Mr. Rajesh, a 72-year-old retired engineer, moved in with his son's family three months ago after falling ill. Initially, his daughter-in-law tried to prevent him from doing any household work, but Mr. Rajesh felt frustrated and useless. He began sneaking into the kitchen early morning to make tea, forgetting that he had already made it. His family noticed him repeating stories multiple times in a single day and occasionally forgetting names of grandchildren who visited regularly. Despite these challenges, Mr. Rajesh still remembered complex mathematical formulas from his engineering days and could solve crossword puzzles better than anyone in the family. The family had to make difficult decisions about how much independence to allow him while keeping him safe.

Q1. Which aspect of Mr. Rajesh's memory seems most affected according to the passage?

A. His memory of recent events and familiar people's names ✓
B. His memory of technical knowledge from his profession
C. His ability to remember daily routines like making tea
D. All types of memories are equally affected

Answer: A

Q2. Why did Mr. Rajesh feel frustrated with his daughter-in-law's attempts to prevent him from doing household work?

A. He wanted to prove he was still strong and healthy
B. He felt excluded and his sense of purpose was diminished ✓
C. He wanted to do work faster than her
D. He was bored with sitting around the house

Answer: B

Q3. What does Mr. Rajesh's ability to solve crossword puzzles and remember engineering formulas suggest about his condition?

A. His memory loss is selective and affects some areas more than others ✓
B. He has completely recovered from memory problems
C. He only remembers things from his professional life
D. His cognitive skills are unaffected by aging

Answer: A

Q4. How is Mr. Rajesh's situation similar to Grandpa's situation in 'Vitamin-M'?

A. Both refuse to live with their children
B. Both have selective memory loss and want to maintain independence despite safety concerns ✓
C. Both have complete memory loss affecting all areas of life
D. Both live in rural areas and miss city life

Answer: B

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