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Say the Right Thing

NCERT Class 7 · English Based on NCERT Class 7 English textbook · Free CBSE study kit

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Chapter Notes

Overview
This chapter is a humorous play about a young girl named Mary who is eager to help her mother entertain guests but repeatedly says the wrong things, embarrassing both her mother and the visitors. It exists in the syllabus to teach students the importance of polite conversation, empathy, and saying the right thing at the right time. The one big idea a student must walk away with is that kindness and thinking about others' feelings are the foundation of good manners and successful social interactions.
Key Concepts (16)
Athithi Devo Bhava
A Sanskrit phrase meaning 'the guest is God', emphasizing the importance of treating guests with utmost respect and hospitality.
e.g. When a guest visits your home, you offer them water, enquire about their well-being, and accompany them to the door when they leave.
Polite behaviour
Actions and words that show respect, kindness, and consideration for others, especially guests.
e.g. Offering a glass of water to a guest, enquiring about their well-being, and accompanying them to the door when they leave.
Blunders
Careless mistakes, often made when one does not think before speaking or acting.
e.g. Mary calling Mrs. Harding's children beautiful when Mrs. Harding has no children is a blunder.
Embarrasses
Makes someone feel uncomfortable, awkward, or ashamed in a social situation.
e.g. Mary's comments about bankers, blue dresses with red coats, and talkative women embarrassed her mother and the guests.
Hilariously
In a very funny way, causing laughter.
e.g. Mary hilariously forgets her mother's advice and says the opposite of what she should say.
Suffix
A word ending added to a root word to change its meaning or grammatical function.
e.g. Adding '-ous' to 'humour' gives 'humorous'; adding '-ly' to 'hilarious' gives 'hilariously'.
Declarative sentence
A sentence that states or conveys information and ends with a full stop.
e.g. There's always something to say.
Interrogative sentence
A sentence that asks a question and ends with a question mark.
e.g. What shall I do when they want to go?
Exclamatory sentence
A sentence that expresses strong feelings or emotions and ends with an exclamation mark.
e.g. What beautiful children you have, Mrs. Harding!
Imperative sentence
A sentence that gives an order, command, or request and ends with a full stop.
e.g. Put that coat away in your bedroom.
Simple past tense
A verb tense used to describe actions that happened in the past or distant past.
e.g. They lived in London before. I met her in a shop and asked her to come.
Present perfect continuous tense
A verb tense (has/have + been + verb + -ing) used to indicate the duration of an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment, or an action that was ongoing in the recent past with its results evident now.
e.g. She has been staying with them for a while. Mrs. Shaw has been cleaning the room since the morning.
Say vs Tell
'Say' focuses on the message and does not always require a listener; 'Tell' focuses on who receives the message and always needs a listener.
e.g. Mary says, 'Good afternoon.' Mary tells her mother, 'I can talk now.'
Sentence stress
Laying emphasis on certain word(s) in a sentence to convey meaning and importance; content words like book, run, beautiful are usually stressed instead of function words like she, in, is.
e.g. In 'I saw Mrs. Cotter this afternoon', stress the words 'Mrs. Cotter'.
Intonation
The rise and fall of the pitch of tone while speaking; declarative sentences usually have falling intonation, while rising intonation can make a statement sound like a question.
e.g. Speak 'I saw Mrs. Cotter this afternoon' with falling intonation for a statement, or rising intonation to ask 'Did I see Mrs. Cotter?'
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
A Sanskrit phrase meaning 'the world is one family', highlighting the interconnectedness of all people and encouraging unity, cooperation, kindness, and empathy.
e.g. This phrase was chosen as the theme for the G20 Summit to promote global unity and shared aspirations.
How It Works
How to be polite to guests (based on Mrs. Shaw's advice)
  1. Step 1: Offer guests a glass of water and enquire about their well-being.
  2. Step 2: Say things that will please them and make them feel welcome.
  3. Step 3: Laugh a lot and try to make them laugh too.
  4. Step 4: If everyone stops talking, say something kind to make them talk again.
  5. Step 5: When guests are ready to leave, look sorry and ask them to stay a little longer (e.g., 'Must you go? Can't you stay?').
  6. Step 6: Accompany guests to the door when they leave.
💡 Students often forget that being polite is not just about saying 'please' and 'thank you' — it is about being kind, thinking about the other person's feelings, and avoiding comments that could offend or embarrass.
How to avoid blunders in conversation (based on Mary's mistakes)
  1. Step 1: Think before you speak — do not assume things about others (e.g., Mary assumed Mrs. Harding had children).
  2. Step 2: Avoid making critical or negative comments about people, their habits, or their appearance (e.g., Mary criticized bankers, blue dresses with red coats, talkative women, and dogs).
  3. Step 3: Do not gossip or share personal observations that could embarrass someone (e.g., Mary talked about Mrs. Cotter staying in bed and calling the doctor).
  4. Step 4: If you realize you have made a mistake, apologize sincerely (e.g., Mary said 'Oh, I'm sorry' repeatedly).
  5. Step 5: Remember that your words can hurt others, so choose them carefully.
💡 The biggest mistake students make is thinking that 'saying the right thing' is just about memorizing phrases — it is actually about empathy and understanding the other person's perspective.
How to form words using suffixes
  1. Step 1: Identify the root word (e.g., humour, hilarious, come, beauty).
  2. Step 2: Add the appropriate suffix to change the meaning or grammatical function (e.g., -ous, -ly, -ing, -ful).
  3. Step 3: Note spelling changes when the root word ends in 'e' (e.g., come + ing = coming) or 'y' (e.g., beauty + ful = beautiful).
  4. Step 4: Examples from the text: gladly (glad + ly), banker (bank + er), guidance (guide + ance), quietly (quiet + ly), walking (walk + ing).
💡 Students often forget to drop the 'e' when adding a suffix that begins with a vowel (e.g., 'come' becomes 'coming', not 'comeing').
How to use present perfect continuous tense
  1. Step 1: Use 'has' or 'have' depending on the subject (has for he/she/it, have for I/you/we/they).
  2. Step 2: Add 'been' after has/have.
  3. Step 3: Add the verb with '-ing' ending.
  4. Step 4: Use this tense to show the duration of an action that started in the past and continues to the present (e.g., 'She has been staying with them for a while').
  5. Step 5: Use this tense to show an action that was ongoing in the recent past with results evident now (e.g., 'Mrs. Shaw has been cleaning the room since the morning' — the room looks spotless now).
💡 Students often confuse present perfect continuous with present continuous. Present continuous is for actions happening right now (e.g., 'She is cleaning'), while present perfect continuous emphasizes the duration or ongoing nature up to now (e.g., 'She has been cleaning for two hours').
How to use sentence stress and intonation
  1. Step 1: Identify content words (nouns, main verbs, adjectives, adverbs) in the sentence — these are usually stressed.
  2. Step 2: Identify function words (pronouns, prepositions, articles, auxiliary verbs) — these are usually not stressed.
  3. Step 3: For declarative sentences, use falling intonation towards the end of the sentence.
  4. Step 4: For interrogative sentences (yes/no questions), use rising intonation.
  5. Step 5: Remember that changing the stressed word can change the meaning of the sentence (e.g., 'I didn't hurt anyone today' vs 'I didn't hurt anyone today').
💡 Students often think stress means saying a word louder — it actually means saying it with more emphasis, which can involve a change in pitch, length, or volume.
Exam Traps — Don't Make These Mistakes
⚠ Confusing 'say' and 'tell'
✗ Students write 'She said me a story' or 'He told that he is coming'.
→ 'Say' focuses on the message and does not always require a listener (e.g., 'She said, "Hello"'). 'Tell' focuses on who receives the message and always needs a listener (e.g., 'She told me a story'). You cannot 'say someone something' — you 'say something to someone'.
✓ Correct usage: 'She said that she was tired.' / 'She told me that she was tired.'
⚠ Confusing 'present continuous' and 'present perfect continuous'
✗ Students write 'She is cleaning the room since morning' instead of 'She has been cleaning the room since morning'.
→ Present continuous ('is cleaning') is used for actions happening right now or around now, not for actions that started in the past and continue. Present perfect continuous ('has been cleaning') is used to emphasize the duration from the past to the present.
✓ Correct: 'She has been cleaning the room since morning.' (duration) / 'She is cleaning the room now.' (current action)
⚠ Misidentifying sentence types
✗ Students write 'What an exciting adventure it was' as an interrogative sentence because it starts with 'What'.
→ Sentences starting with 'What' or 'How' can be exclamatory, not just interrogative. 'What an exciting adventure it was' expresses strong emotion and ends with an exclamation mark, so it is exclamatory. An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark.
✓ Correct: 'What an exciting adventure it was!' (exclamatory) / 'What is the weather forecast today?' (interrogative)
⚠ Thinking 'being polite' is just about saying 'please' and 'thank you'
✗ Students write 'Politeness means saying please and thank you' as a complete definition.
→ Politeness is much broader — it includes being kind, thinking about others' feelings, avoiding offensive comments, making guests feel welcome, and knowing when to speak and when to stay silent. Mary said 'please' and 'thank you' but still made blunders because she was not kind or thoughtful.
✓ Politeness means showing respect and consideration for others through your words and actions, such as offering a glass of water, enquiring about well-being, saying kind things, and avoiding critical or embarrassing comments.
⚠ Confusing 'blunder' with 'mistake' in general
✗ Students write 'A blunder is any mistake'.
→ A blunder is specifically a careless or embarrassing mistake, often made in social situations due to lack of thought. Not all mistakes are blunders — a blunder has a social or embarrassing consequence.
✓ A blunder is a careless mistake, especially one that causes embarrassment or awkwardness in a social situation, like Mary's comments about Mrs. Harding's children.
Compare & Contrast
Focus of the verb and requirement of a listener
Say
Tell
'Say' focuses on the message and does not always require a listener (e.g., 'She said, "Hello"'). 'Tell' focuses on who receives the message and always needs a listener (e.g., 'She told me a story').
Time focus and usage
Present continuous tense
Present perfect continuous tense
Present continuous (is/are + verb-ing) describes an action happening right now or around now (e.g., 'She is cleaning the room'). Present perfect continuous (has/have + been + verb-ing) describes an action that started in the past and continues to the present, emphasizing duration (e.g., 'She has been cleaning the room since morning').
Purpose and punctuation
Declarative sentence
Exclamatory sentence
A declarative sentence states or conveys information and ends with a full stop (e.g., 'The room looks cleaner now.'). An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings or emotions and ends with an exclamation mark (e.g., 'What beautiful children you have!').
Function and punctuation
Interrogative sentence
Exclamatory sentence
An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark (e.g., 'What shall I do when they want to go?'). An exclamatory sentence expresses strong emotion and ends with an exclamation mark (e.g., 'How beautiful is the rainbow!').
Exam Focus
Marks pattern: 2 MCQs (1 mark each), 1 short answer question on polite behaviour or blunders (2-3 marks), 1 grammar question on suffixes or tenses (3 marks), 1 long answer question on character analysis or theme (5 marks)
Most asked: Polite behaviour and its importance in social situations · Identifying and correcting blunders in conversation · Suffixes and word formation (root word + suffix) · Sentence types (declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, imperative) · Tenses: simple past and present perfect continuous · Say vs Tell and other commonly confused word pairs (fetch/bring, see/look, live/stay, study/learn, speak/talk, hear/listen)
Don't skip: Long answer question on Mary's character and her understanding of polite conversation (5 marks); Grammar question on present perfect continuous tense or sentence types (3 marks); Question on how to be polite to guests and what Mary did wrong (3 marks)
One-Line Revision (read aloud before the exam)
  1. ‘Athithi Devo Bhava’ means ‘the guest is God’, emphasizing the importance of treating guests with respect and hospitality.
  2. Polite behaviour includes offering water, enquiring about well-being, and accompanying guests to the door when they leave.
  3. A blunder is a careless mistake that causes embarrassment in social situations.
  4. Mary’s blunders include assuming Mrs. Harding had children, criticizing bankers, and making negative comments about clothes, talkative women, and dogs.
  5. Mrs. Shaw advised Mary to say kind things, make guests laugh, and ask them to stay longer when they want to leave.
  6. A suffix is a word ending added to a root word to change its meaning or grammatical function.
  7. Examples of suffixes: -ous (humour → humorous), -ly (hilarious → hilariously), -ing (come → coming), -ful (beauty → beautiful).
  8. Declarative sentences state information and end with a full stop.
  9. Interrogative sentences ask questions and end with a question mark.
  10. Exclamatory sentences express strong emotions and end with an exclamation mark.
  11. Imperative sentences give orders, commands, or requests and end with a full stop.
  12. Simple past tense describes actions that happened in the past (e.g., ‘They lived in London before’).
  13. Present perfect continuous tense (has/have + been + verb-ing) shows an action that started in the past and continues to the present.
  14. ‘Say’ focuses on the message and does not always need a listener; ‘Tell’ focuses on the receiver and always needs a listener.
  15. Sentence stress means emphasizing content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives) to convey meaning.
  16. Declarative sentences usually have falling intonation; rising intonation can turn a statement into a question.
  17. ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ means ‘the world is one family’, promoting unity and kindness across all people.
  18. Mary’s repeated ‘Oh, I’m sorry’ shows she realized her mistakes but could not undo the embarrassment.
  19. The stage direction ‘no one speaks’ indicates awkwardness and discomfort after Mary’s blunders.
  20. Mrs. Harding and Mrs. Lee were polite and restrained, not reacting angrily to Mary’s comments.

MCQs — 10 Questions with Answers

Q1. What does the Sanskrit phrase 'Athithi Devo Bhava' teach us?

  • A. A guest should always obey the host
  • B. A guest is God and should be welcomed with respect and kindness ✓
  • C. Guests should bring gifts to the house
  • D. Guests should stay only for short periods

Answer: B — Athithi Devo Bhava is a Sanskrit saying that emphasizes treating guests as divine and honoring them with politeness and care.

Q2. Why does Mrs. Shaw initially want Mary to go out for a walk when the guests arrive?

  • A. Mary is too tired to meet guests
  • B. Mrs. Shaw is worried Mary might not say the right things and could offend Mrs. Harding ✓
  • C. Mary has not changed into a clean dress
  • D. The room is not clean enough for Mary to be present

Answer: B — Mrs. Shaw expresses concern that Mary may say something inappropriate and harm her chances of becoming friends with Mrs. Harding.

Q3. What is the central piece of advice Mrs. Shaw gives Mary about polite conversation?

  • A. Always agree with whatever guests say
  • B. Be kind to people and say things that will please them ✓
  • C. Talk as much as possible to keep guests entertained
  • D. Never discuss personal topics with guests

Answer: B — Mrs. Shaw explicitly tells Mary that being kind and saying pleasing things will make people like her and ensure successful social interactions.

Q4. Which of the following is NOT a polite behaviour when guests are ready to leave, according to Mrs. Shaw?

  • A. Ask them to stay a little while longer
  • B. Jump out of your chair and look glad they are leaving ✓
  • C. Show that you are sorry they are leaving
  • D. Say 'Must you go? Can't you stay?'

Answer: B — Mrs. Shaw specifically warns Mary NOT to jump out of her chair and look gladly at the door because this shows disrespect to departing guests.

Q5. Read this scenario: Ramesh's mother tells him 'Say things that will please people,' but Ramesh always agrees with everyone even when he disagrees. Which statement best explains the problem with Ramesh's understanding?

  • A. Ramesh is being too kind and should argue more
  • B. Ramesh has confused being polite with always agreeing, but Mrs. Shaw means using kind words, not dishonest ones ✓
  • C. Ramesh cannot understand what his mother means
  • D. Saying pleasing things always means agreeing with everyone

Answer: B — Being polite means speaking kindly and considerately, not necessarily agreeing with everything; Ramesh has misunderstood the difference between kindness and false agreement.

Q6. Why does Mary's comment about Mrs. Cotter staying in bed in the morning become embarrassing?

  • A. Mrs. Cotter was sitting in the room and heard it
  • B. Mrs. Harding also stays in bed in the morning, so Mary is unknowingly insulting her guest ✓
  • C. Mary is being too personal about a stranger's life
  • D. Mrs. Shaw had warned Mary never to discuss sleeping habits

Answer: B — Mary criticizes women who stay in bed without knowing that Mrs. Harding herself has the same habit, which makes the insult directly offensive to her guest.

Q7. Which of the following actions by Mary shows that she did NOT follow her mother's central advice to 'think before speaking'?

  • A. She compliments Mrs. Harding's children
  • B. She laughs at Mrs. Best's choice of wearing a blue dress with a red coat, not realizing Mrs. Harding wears the same combination ✓
  • C. She asks Mrs. Harding how she likes Lanfield
  • D. She changes into a clean dress before the guests arrive

Answer: B — Mary makes a careless joke about clothing without first thinking about or knowing her listeners' own fashion choices, directly breaking her mother's main rule.

Q8. What does the play suggest about the connection between listening and polite speech?

  • A. Listening is not important if you speak kindly
  • B. Listening helps you understand facts and prevents you from accidentally offending people ✓
  • C. You should listen only to people you already know
  • D. Listening and speaking are completely separate skills

Answer: B — Mary's repeated failures show that speaking without listening to or knowing facts about your listeners leads to embarrassing blunders and unintended insults.

Q9. Which statement is NOT correct based on Mrs. Shaw's character and values in the play?

  • A. Mrs. Shaw wants to build a friendship with Mrs. Harding
  • B. Mrs. Shaw believes that being thoughtless in speech can damage social relationships
  • C. Mrs. Shaw thinks talking a lot is always a sign of good conversation skills ✓
  • D. Mrs. Shaw values politeness and consideration for guests

Answer: C — Mrs. Shaw actually criticizes Mary for talking too much and having poor judgment about what to say, showing that quantity of speech does not equal quality conversation.

Q10. Priya is at a family gathering. Her aunt mentions she loves to sleep late in the morning. Priya loudly says, 'People who sleep late are lazy!' Her mother looks upset. According to the lesson 'Say the Right Thing,' what mistake did Priya make?

  • A. She should have remained completely silent
  • B. She spoke without thinking about how her words might affect or insult her aunt's feelings ✓
  • C. She should have disagreed more politely with her aunt
  • D. She did nothing wrong because her opinion is honest

Answer: B — Like Mary in the play, Priya made a critical judgment without thinking about how her words would hurt her aunt, breaking the rule to think before speaking.

Flashcards

What does 'Athithi Devo Bhava' mean?

It is a Sanskrit saying that means 'Guest is God' and teaches the importance of respecting and welcoming guests with politeness and kindness.

What is Mrs. Shaw's main advice to Mary before the guests arrive?

Be kind to people, say things that please them, laugh with them, keep conversations going, and show that you want them to stay longer before they leave.

Why does Mrs. Shaw want to know Mrs. Harding well?

Mrs. Shaw wants Mrs. Harding to invite her to their house because there is not much to do in Lanfield and she wants to make more friends.

Who is Mrs. Harding in the play?

Mrs. Harding is the wife of a wealthy man named Mr. Harding who recently bought a big house in Lanfield after living in London.

What does Mary do that embarrasses Mrs. Shaw during the visit?

Mary carelessly criticizes Mrs. Best's clothes, comments negatively about Mr. Best's job, and insults talkative women without knowing these describe her guests' own families.

What is the main theme of the play 'Say the Right Thing'?

The play shows how saying the wrong thing at the wrong time can damage relationships and embarrass others, even if you do not mean to.

Why does Mrs. Shaw first ask Mary to go out for a walk?

Mrs. Shaw is worried that Mary may not say the right thing and might offend the guests or prevent Mrs. Harding from becoming her friend.

What does Mary's character reveal through her mistakes in Scene II?

Mary's mistakes show that she talks without thinking, makes assumptions without knowing facts, and judges people without considering her words might describe her guests themselves.

What does the phrase 'blunders' mean in the context of this play?

Blunders are careless mistakes that Mary makes by saying thoughtless things that embarrass her mother and offend the guests.

Why is it important to listen carefully when guests are speaking?

Listening carefully helps you understand facts about people before speaking, which prevents you from accidentally insulting them like Mary does in the play.

Important Board Questions

What is the meaning of 'Athithi Devo Bhava'? Why does Mrs. Shaw want Mary to understand this principle? [2 marks]

Define the Sanskrit phrase and explain that Mrs. Shaw wants Mary to treat guests with respect by being polite and considerate in her speech and actions.

Explain how Mary's habit of speaking without thinking leads to embarrassing situations in Scene II. Give two examples from the play. [3 marks]

Show how Mary criticizes Mrs. Best's clothes (not knowing Mrs. Harding wears them too) and insults Mr. Best's job (not knowing Mrs. Lee's brother is a banker); explain how these mistakes show the danger of talking first and thinking later.

Mrs. Shaw's advice to Mary is 'Be kind to people and say things that will please them.' Analyze why this advice is central to the play's message. How does Mary's failure to follow this advice create the conflict and humour in the story? [5 marks]

Explain that kindness and thoughtful speech prevent offense; show how Mary ignores this by making judgmental comments about habits and appearance without knowing these describe her guests; discuss how this creates comedy through dramatic irony (audience knows she is insulting her listeners) and develops the theme that maturity requires thinking before speaking.

Assertion-Reason Questions for Say the Right Thing

Q1. Assertion (A):

Mrs. Shaw asks Mary to put away her coat because she wants to maintain a clean appearance for the guests.

Reason (R):

Mary's habit of leaving clothes around the house is disrespectful to guests and creates a poor first impression.

Answer: A — Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A — Both statements are true, and the reason correctly explains why Mrs. Shaw insists on tidiness. A clean, organized home is essential for making a good impression on guests, which aligns with the lesson about proper guest etiquette.

Q2. Assertion (A):

Mary successfully follows her mother's advice during Scene II.

Reason (R):

Mary remembers to be kind to the guests and avoids saying anything that might upset them.

Answer: D — A is false but R is true — Both the assertion and reason are false. Mary actually commits multiple blunders that hurt the guests' feelings—she insults their children's existence, criticizes bankers and their habits, and comments negatively on their clothing. She fails to follow her mother's guidance despite promising to do so.

Q3. Assertion (A):

The play demonstrates that knowing the right etiquette rules is enough to ensure proper social behavior.

Reason (R):

Mary has memorized the phrases her mother taught her and understands the concept of hospitality.

Answer: D — A is false but R is true — The assertion is false, but the reason is true. Mary knows the rules ('I know the right things to say') and has memorized phrases, but she consistently fails to apply them because she doesn't think before speaking. Knowledge alone is insufficient without the habit of reflection.

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Case-Based Questions (CBQ) for Say the Right Thing

Case Study:

Asha is preparing for a family gathering where her uncle and aunt (who recently moved to a new city) will visit. Her mother gives her similar advice to what Mrs. Shaw gave Mary: be kind, laugh, listen more than you speak, and make them feel welcome. However, during the visit, Asha mentions that she finds her uncle's job as an accountant 'boring and stressful,' criticizes her aunt's choice to stay home instead of working, and laughs at their newly purchased furniture style. When her relatives seem uncomfortable, Asha quickly apologizes, but the damage to the evening is already done.

Q1. What is the similarity between Asha's behavior and Mary's behavior in Scene II?

  • A. Both girls follow their mothers' advice perfectly
  • B. Both girls make thoughtless comments that unintentionally insult their guests despite good intentions ✓
  • C. Both girls deliberately try to upset their guests
  • D. Both girls refuse to listen to their mothers' instructions

Answer: B

Q2. Which piece of advice from Mrs. Shaw would have helped Asha most in this situation?

  • A. Laugh a lot and try to make them laugh too
  • B. Think of something to say to avoid awkward silences
  • C. Say things that will please them and avoid commenting critically about their choices ✓
  • D. Ask them when they plan to leave

Answer: C

Q3. Why were Asha's apologies after her comments inadequate solutions?

  • A. Because apologies cannot undo the hurt or embarrassment caused by thoughtless remarks ✓
  • B. Because her relatives did not accept her apologies
  • C. Because she apologized too quickly
  • D. Because she should have said more words in her apology

Answer: A

Q4. What should Asha learn from this experience that Mary is learning in the play?

  • A. Never speak to guests about their personal lives
  • B. Think before speaking and consider how words might affect others' feelings ✓
  • C. Always apologize immediately after speaking
  • D. Ask your mother for permission before saying anything

Answer: B

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