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Locating Places on the Earth

NCERT Class 6 · Social Science Based on NCERT Class 6 Social Science textbook · Free CBSE study kit

Chapter Notes

**What Is a Map?** A flat drawing of any area (village, city, country, or world) viewed from above.

**Three Important Components of Every Map:**

1. **Scale** — Shows real ground distance. Example: 1 cm on map = 500 m real ground

2. **Direction** — Uses cardinal directions (N, S, E, W) and intermediate directions (NE, SE, SW, NW)

3. **Symbols** — Small pictures representing buildings, roads, rivers, temples

**Key Definitions:**

  • **Globe** = Round ball model of Earth (most accurate)
  • **Atlas** = Book of maps
  • **Cardinal Directions** = N (top), E (right), S (bottom), W (left)
  • **Symbol** = Small drawing representing a real feature
  • **Physical Maps** = Show mountains, rivers, oceans
  • **Political Maps** = Show countries, states, boundaries, cities
  • **Thematic Maps** = Show specific information (like rainfall, population)
  • **Survey of India** — Government body that sets official map symbols

    **Diagrams to Remember:** Direction compass (N pointing up, E right, S down, W left); Map scale ruler showing km measurements; Map symbols for railway station, hospital, temple, school

    **Don't Confuse:** Map (flat paper drawing) ≠ Globe (round 3D model). Map shows area from top view, not from side.

    MCQs — 10 Questions with Answers

    Q1. What is a map?

    • A. A flat drawing or representation of an area viewed from the top ✓
    • B. A 3D model of Earth
    • C. A list of places in a city
    • D. A photograph of Earth from space

    Answer: A — A map is specifically a flat, drawn representation of an area viewed from above, used to show locations and navigate.

    Q2. If the scale of a map is 1 cm = 500 m, and two places are 4 cm apart on the map, what is the real distance between them?

    • A. 500 metres
    • B. 1000 metres
    • C. 1500 metres
    • D. 2000 metres ✓

    Answer: D — If 1 cm = 500 m, then 4 cm = 4 × 500 m = 2000 metres (2 kilometres).

    Q3. Which of these is a cardinal direction?

    • A. Northeast
    • B. Northwest
    • C. North ✓
    • D. Southeast

    Answer: C — North is one of the four main cardinal directions; the others (NE, NW, SE) are intermediate directions between cardinals.

    Q4. What does a symbol on a map represent?

    • A. A measurement of distance
    • B. A small drawing that represents a real building or feature ✓
    • C. The direction of north
    • D. The scale of the map

    Answer: B — Symbols are small pictures used on maps to show buildings, roads, rivers, and other features so that many details fit in a small space.

    Q5. Why is a globe more accurate than a flat map?

    • A. Because it is larger
    • B. Because Earth is spherical, and a globe shows the actual spherical shape ✓
    • C. Because it has more symbols
    • D. Because it is easier to carry

    Answer: B — A globe is a round model that matches Earth's actual spherical shape, while flat maps distort the shape when trying to show Earth on paper.

    Q6. Complete the sentence: An _______ is a book or collection of maps.

    • A. atlas ✓
    • B. symbol
    • C. scale
    • D. globe

    Answer: A — An atlas is a collection of maps bound together in a book form, used as a reference.

    Q7. In which government body is responsible for fixing official map symbols in India?

    • A. Indian Railways
    • B. Survey of India ✓
    • C. Ministry of Maps
    • D. National Geographic

    Answer: B — The Survey of India is the official government body that has fixed the standard set of symbols used in all Indian maps.

    Q8. If you are standing at a location and the bank is to your right and the school is behind you, then the school is in which direction from the bank?

    • A. North
    • B. South
    • C. Southwest ✓
    • D. Southeast

    Answer: C — If the bank is to your right (east) and school is behind you (south from your position), the school is southwest of the bank.

    Q9. Look at the map symbols in Fig. 1.2. Which symbol would you use to show a hospital on a map?

    • A. A cross or H symbol ✓
    • B. A small house drawing
    • C. A railway line
    • D. A temple symbol

    Answer: A — Standard map symbols use a cross or 'H' to represent hospitals, making them instantly recognizable on maps.

    Q10. Why do map makers use symbols instead of drawing actual buildings on large maps?

    • A. Because symbols look prettier
    • B. Because there is not enough space to draw every building, and symbols save space while showing many details ✓
    • C. Because symbols are easier to create
    • D. Because actual buildings cannot be drawn

    Answer: B — Symbols are small drawings that fit in limited map space, allowing mapmakers to show numerous features and details clearly.

    Flashcards

    What is a map?

    A map is a flat drawing or representation of an area (village, city, country, or world) viewed from the top.

    What does a map's scale mean?

    Scale shows how much real ground distance is represented by a small distance on the map (example: 1 cm = 500 m).

    Name the four cardinal directions.

    The four cardinal directions are North (top), South (bottom), East (right), and West (left).

    What are symbols on a map?

    Symbols are small drawings or pictures used on maps to represent buildings, roads, rivers, and other features.

    What is a globe?

    A globe is a round, spherical model of Earth that shows the planet's actual shape.

    Why can't we perfectly represent Earth on flat paper?

    Because Earth is spherical (round), and you cannot flatten a sphere onto paper without tearing it, unlike a flat surface.

    What are intermediate directions?

    Intermediate directions are northeast (NE), southeast (SE), southwest (SW), and northwest (NW), located between the four cardinal directions.

    What is an atlas?

    An atlas is a book or collection of maps showing different areas, countries, or themes.

    Name three types of maps.

    Three types of maps are physical maps (showing mountains and rivers), political maps (showing countries and cities), and thematic maps (showing specific information).

    Which government body fixes official map symbols for India?

    The Survey of India is the government body that has fixed the official set of symbols used in Indian maps.

    Important Board Questions

    What is a map? [1 mark]

    A map is a flat drawing or representation of an area (village, city, country, world) viewed from the top.

    List the three important components of a map and explain what each one shows. [2 marks]

    The three components are: (1) Scale — shows real ground distance represented by map distance, (2) Direction — shows cardinal directions (N, S, E, W), (3) Symbols — small pictures representing buildings and features.

    If the scale of a map is 1 cm = 1 km, and your school is 5 cm away from your home on the map, how far is your home from school in real distance? Explain your calculation. [3 marks]

    If 1 cm on map = 1 km real distance, then 5 cm = 5 × 1 km = 5 km. Show that you understand scale by multiplying the map distance by the scale factor.

    Why is a globe a better representation of Earth than a flat paper map? Explain with an example of what happens when you try to flatten something spherical. Also, give three types of maps and describe what information each type shows. [5 marks]

    Globe is better because Earth is spherical and a globe shows the true shape (compare to peeling an orange — you cannot flatten the peel without tearing). Three types: (1) Physical maps show mountains, rivers, oceans; (2) Political maps show countries, states, boundaries, cities; (3) Thematic maps show specific information like rainfall or population.

    True or False: Cardinal directions are the same as intermediate directions. If false, explain the difference with examples. [2 marks]

    False. Cardinal directions are the four main directions (North, South, East, West), while intermediate directions (Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest) are between the cardinal directions.

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