**What is a Fraction?**
A fraction shows equal shares when one whole is divided among people. Example: 1 roti ÷ 2 children = 1/2 roti each.
**Numerator and Denominator**
Numerator (top number) = how many parts we take
Denominator (bottom number) = total equal parts
Example: In 3/4, numerator is 3, denominator is 4.
**Fractional Unit (Unit Fraction)**
One equal part of a whole, written as 1/n: 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/10, etc.
**Comparing Fractions with Same Numerator**
Larger denominator = smaller share
1/9 < 1/5 because 9 children share the same roti (each gets less)
**Measuring with Fractions**
Multiply fractional units: 3 times 1/4 = 3/4
**Number Line**
Divide distance from 0 to 1 into equal parts; mark each fractional unit.
**Indian Language Words**
Hindi: 'paav' (quarter/fourth), 'aadha' (half)
Tamil: 'mukkaal' (three quarters)
**Diagrams to Remember:** Paper folding into equal parts; chikki pieces; number line with marked fractions
**Don't Confuse:** Bigger denominator does NOT mean bigger fraction — it means the whole is cut into MORE pieces, so each piece is SMALLER.
Q1. If 1 roti is shared equally among 4 children, how much roti will each child get?
Answer: A — When 1 roti is divided equally among 4 children, each child's share is 1/4 roti.
Q2. In the fraction 7/9, what does the number 7 represent?
Answer: B — The top number (numerator) tells us how many equal parts we take, so 7 represents the parts we take.
Q3. Which fraction is greater: 1/6 or 1/10?
Answer: B — 1/6 is greater because when 1 roti is shared among 6 children instead of 10, each child gets a larger piece.
Q4. If a paper strip is folded into 8 equal parts and you take 3 parts, what fraction do you have?
Answer: B — When you take 3 parts out of 8 equal parts, the fraction is 3/8 (numerator 3, denominator 8).
Q5. A wholesale merchant packed 1 kg of rice equally in 5 packets. What is the weight of each packet?
Answer: A — When 1 kg is divided equally into 5 packets, each packet weighs 1/5 kg.
Q6. What is 5 times 1/3?
Answer: B — Multiplying the fractional unit: 5 times 1/3 = 5/3.
Q7. Look at a number line from 0 to 1 divided into 4 equal parts. What is the length of the blue line marked from 0 to the second division mark?
Answer: B — The blue line covers 2 divisions out of 4, so its length is 2/4.
Q8. Which of these is a fractional unit?
Answer: C — A fractional unit (unit fraction) has 1 as the numerator, so 1/8 is a fractional unit.
Q9. Three friends ordered 2 glasses of sugarcane juice and shared equally. How much did each friend drink?
Answer: B — When 2 glasses are shared equally among 3 friends, each friend gets 2/3 glass.
Q10. The big fish weighs 1/2 kg and the small fish weighs 1/4 kg. Together, they weigh ____ kg.
Answer: C — 1/2 kg + 1/4 kg = 2/4 kg + 1/4 kg = 3/4 kg.
What is a fraction?
A fraction shows how much each person gets when one whole thing is divided equally among several people.
What is a fractional unit or unit fraction?
A fractional unit is one equal part of a whole, written as 1/n, such as 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, etc.
In the fraction 5/8, what is the numerator and what is the denominator?
5 is the numerator (how many parts we take) and 8 is the denominator (total equal parts in the whole).
Which is bigger: 1/5 or 1/9?
1/5 is bigger because if you share 1 roti among 5 children instead of 9, each child gets a larger piece.
If one roti is shared equally among 3 children, how much does each child get?
Each child gets 1/3 roti.
What does 4 times 1/6 equal?
4 times 1/6 equals 4/6.
How do you read the fraction 3/4?
You can read it as 'three quarters' or 'three upon four' or '3 times 1/4.'
If you fold a paper strip into 4 equal parts, what fractional unit does each part represent?
Each part represents 1/4 of the whole paper strip.
Two guavas together weigh 1 kg and are the same size. How much does each guava weigh?
Each guava weighs 1/2 kg.
On a number line from 0 to 1, if the distance is divided into 6 equal parts, what is the length of one part?
The length of one part is 1/6 unit.
What is meant by a fractional unit? Give one example. [1 mark]
A fractional unit is one equal part of a whole, written as 1/n. Example: 1/3 means one part when a whole is divided into 3 equal parts.
If one pizza is divided equally among 6 friends, how much pizza does each friend get? Write the answer as a fraction. [2 marks]
When 1 whole is shared equally among 6 people, each person's share is 1 ÷ 6. Express this as a fraction with numerator 1 and denominator 6.
Four friends ordered 3 glasses of juice and shared equally. Using the concept of fractional units, explain how much juice each friend drank. Show your working. [3 marks]
3 glasses ÷ 4 friends means 3 fractional units of 1/4 glass each. Write as: 3 times 1/4 = 3/4 glass per friend. Explain why the numerator is 3 (glasses) and denominator is 4 (friends).
On a number line from 0 to 1, show how you would mark the fractions 1/5, 2/5, 3/5, and 4/5. Draw and label the number line clearly. Explain why you divided the distance between 0 and 1 into 5 equal parts. [5 marks]
Divide the distance from 0 to 1 into 5 equal parts (because denominator is 5). Each part is 1/5. Mark the first mark at 1/5, second at 2/5, third at 3/5, fourth at 4/5. Explain: the denominator tells us how many equal divisions to make; the numerator tells us which division to mark.
True or False: 1/100 is larger than 1/10. Give a reason for your answer. [2 marks]
False. When the numerator is 1, a larger denominator means the whole is cut into more pieces, so each piece is smaller. Since 100 > 10, each piece of 1/100 is much smaller than each piece of 1/10.
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