**What is Data?**
Data = facts, numbers, measures, observations that give information. Example: List of favourite games in your class.
**Collecting Data**
Ask each person the question → Write down answers → Make a complete list.
**Organising Data Using Tally Marks**
One mark = | (one count)
Five marks = |||| with line through = 5 total
Frequency = final count number
**Arranging Data in Order**
Ascending = small to big (3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
Descending = big to small (7, 6, 5, 4, 3)
Helps find: largest, smallest, most common
**Pictograph**
Uses pictures/symbols instead of numbers
Always needs a KEY: One symbol = how many things
Example: 1 car symbol = 2 students
**Important Words**
Frequency = how many times something appears
Data = information collected
Tally = counting marks
**Diagrams to Remember**: Pictograph with key showing symbols and their meanings; Tally mark table with crossed groups
**Don't Confuse**: A single tally mark (|) = 1 count; A crossed group (||||) = 5 total; Raw data list ≠ Organised frequency table
Q1. What is data?
Answer: A — Data is any collection of facts, numbers, measures, and observations that give us information about things.
Q2. When should you collect data?
Answer: A — You collect data when you need new information from people or observations, not when you already know the answer.
Q3. What does one tally mark (|) represent?
Answer: B — One tally mark represents 1 count, and when you reach 5, you draw a line through the previous four marks to show a group of 5.
Q4. If a table shows: Jalebi - 6 students, Gulab jamun - 9 students, Gujiya - 12 students, which sweet was chosen by the most students?
Answer: C — By comparing the frequency numbers (6, 9, 12), Gujiya has the highest number, so it was chosen by the most students.
Q5. Shoe sizes in a class arranged in order are: 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6. What is the frequency of size 5?
Answer: C — Counting how many times '5' appears in the arranged list: 5, 5, 5, 5 = frequency of 4 students wear size 5.
Q6. What does the frequency of a choice mean?
Answer: B — Frequency tells you how many people chose a particular option or how many times something appears in your data.
Q7. You have a list: Cricket, Hockey, Cricket, Football, Hockey, Cricket. If you arrange this data by frequency, which sport appears most often?
Answer: C — Counting: Cricket appears 3 times, Hockey 2 times, Football 1 time, so Cricket is most frequent.
Q8. In a pictograph, one car symbol = 2 students. If there are 5 car symbols in a row, how many students does that represent?
Answer: B — Since one symbol = 2 students, 5 symbols = 5 × 2 = 10 students; the key tells you what each symbol means.
Q9. Which of the following questions requires you to collect data?
Answer: B — Only the favourite colour question needs data collection by asking classmates; the others are factual questions with fixed answers.
Q10. If shoe sizes are arranged as: 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, what is the smallest shoe size?
Answer: D — When data is arranged in ascending order (smallest to largest), the smallest shoe size is the first number: 3.
What is data?
Data is any collection of facts, numbers, measures, observations or descriptions of things that give us information about those things.
How do you collect data from your class?
Ask each student the question, write down their answers, and make a list of all the responses.
What is a tally mark in data handling?
A tally mark is a small line (|) used to count, and when you reach 5, you draw a line through the previous four (||||) to make a group of 5.
What does frequency mean?
Frequency is the number of times something appears or how many people chose a particular option in your data.
How should you arrange data to find patterns?
Arrange data in ascending order (smallest to largest) or descending order (largest to smallest) to easily spot which items appear most or least often.
What is a pictograph?
A pictograph is a way to show data using pictures or symbols instead of writing numbers.
What must a pictograph always have?
A pictograph must have a key that tells you what each symbol or picture means (for example, one car symbol = 1 student).
Why is organising data useful?
Organising data helps you find answers quickly, spot which items are most or least popular, and make smart decisions based on patterns.
How do tally marks help count faster?
Tally marks help you count as you go, and grouping them in fives (||||) makes it easy to add up the total at the end.
What question should you ask before collecting data?
Ask yourself: 'Do I need to collect new information, or do I already know the answer from what I have learned?'
Define data in one sentence. [1 mark]
Data is a collection of facts, numbers, measures, observations or descriptions. Give a simple example like favourite games or shoe sizes.
Complete the tally mark table: If 8 students chose 'Hockey' and you want to show this using tally marks, write how many complete groups of 5 and how many extra marks you need. [2 marks]
One group of tally marks = 4 marks + 1 line through = 5 total. Divide 8 by 5 to find complete groups and remainder.
Your teacher asked 20 students about their favourite fruits. You collected: 8 like Mangoes, 7 like Bananas, 5 like Apples. Arrange these in ascending order of frequency and explain why arranging data helps you make decisions. [3 marks]
Ascending order means smallest to largest frequency. Explain that it helps you see which fruit is most/least popular so the teacher knows what to buy more of.
A pictograph shows modes of travel with the key: one bus symbol = 3 students. If 4 symbols are shown for 'School Bus', 2 symbols for 'Cycle', and 3 symbols for 'Walking', (a) How many students travel by school bus? (b) Which mode is most popular? (c) Draw a simple pictograph showing this data. [5 marks]
Multiply: 4 symbols × 3 = 12 students; 2 × 3 = 6 students; 3 × 3 = 9 students. Compare numbers to find most popular. Draw rows with symbols and label them clearly with the key.
True or False: (a) Frequency means the colour of the data. (b) Ascending order means arranging from largest to smallest. Give one reason for each answer. [2 marks]
(a) False — frequency means how many times something appears. (b) False — ascending is small to large; descending is large to small.
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