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Overview of Computerised Accounting System

NCERT Class 12 · Accountancy Based on NCERT Class 12 Accountancy textbook · Free CBSE study kit

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Chapter Notes

Overview
This chapter introduces the concept of Computerised Accounting System (CAS), explaining how modern businesses process accounting transactions using computers and Information Technology. It establishes the five core components of CAS—Procedure, Data, People, Hardware, and Software—and contrasts the computerised approach with the traditional manual accounting cycle. The big idea is that CAS is not just about using computers for accounting; it is an integrated system that transforms raw financial data into structured, decision-useful information through a logical framework of grouping, codification, and reporting, ultimately enhancing speed, accuracy, and control in financial management.
Key Concepts (20)
Computerised Accounting System (CAS)
Computerised Accounting System refers to the processing of accounting transactions through the use of hardware and software in order to produce accounting records and reports.
e.g. Using Tally software to record a sales invoice, which automatically updates the sales register, debtor's ledger, and inventory records.
Procedure
A logical sequence of actions to perform a task.
e.g. The step-by-step process of entering a purchase voucher, from opening the voucher entry screen to saving the transaction.
Data
The raw fact (as input) for any business application.
e.g. The date of a transaction, the name of an account, or the amount of a sale before it is processed.
Information
Data that has been processed, organised, and structured to be meaningful and useful for decision-making.
e.g. A Trial Balance or a Statement of Profit and Loss generated from processed accounting transactions.
Data-item (Data element)
The smallest named unit of data in the information system. In accounting, a transaction consists of four data elements: name of account, accounting code, date of transaction, and amount.
e.g. The 'amount' field in a sales transaction record is a single data element.
Accounting Cycle
The processes involved in identifying, measuring, and communicating financial information, including analysing transactions, journalising, posting, preparing trial balance, making adjustments, and preparing financial statements.
e.g. The complete journey of a credit sale from being recorded in the Sales Journal to appearing in the Balance Sheet under Trade Receivables.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)
The common set of accounting principles, standards, and procedures that companies use to compile their financial statements.
e.g. Following the accrual basis of accounting and the principle of prudence while preparing final accounts.
Accounting Equation
The foundational principle of double-entry bookkeeping, stating that Assets = Liabilities + Capital. It can be expanded to Assets = Liabilities + Capital + (Revenues – Expenses).
e.g. If a business purchases machinery for cash, one asset (Machinery) increases and another asset (Cash) decreases, keeping the equation balanced.
Revenue
Inflow of resources resulting from the sale of goods or services in the normal course of business, which increases the owner's capital.
e.g. Sales revenue earned by a clothing store from selling garments to customers.
Expenses
Consumption of resources incurred in the process of generating revenues.
e.g. Salary paid to staff, rent for the office premises, or depreciation on machinery.
Code
A system of letters or figures with arbitrary meaning used for brevity and for machine processing of information; an identification mark.
e.g. Using 'SL' as a code for 'Sales Ledger' or '01' for 'Share Capital'.
Sequential Codes
A coding method where numbers and/or letters are assigned in consecutive order, primarily applied to source documents to facilitate document searches and identify missing codes.
e.g. Cheque numbers in a cheque book or invoice numbers like INV001, INV002, INV003.
Block Codes
A coding method where a range of numbers is partitioned into sub-ranges, and each sub-range is allotted to a specific group of items.
e.g. Dealer codes 100-199 for Small Pumps, 200-299 for Medium Pumps, and 300-399 for Pipes.
Mnemonic Codes
A coding method consisting of alphabets or abbreviations as symbols to codify a piece of information for easy human recall.
e.g. Using 'NDLS' for New Delhi Railway Station or 'SJ' for Sales Journal.
Password Security
A mechanism that enables a user to access a system including data, defining user rights according to organisational policy to restrict or allow access to specific data sets.
e.g. A data entry operator has the password rights to enter vouchers but not to view the final Balance Sheet.
Data Audit
A feature that enables one to know who made what changes in the original data, helping to fix responsibility and ensure data integrity, similar to an Audit Trail.
e.g. The system log showing that User 'ABC' modified the amount in Voucher No. 45 on a specific date and time.
Data Vault
Software-provided additional security through data encryption, which scrambles information to make its interpretation extremely difficult for unauthorised users.
e.g. The accounting software automatically encrypting the backup file before it is saved to a cloud server.
Encryption
The process of scrambling information to make its interpretation extremely difficult, ensuring security of data even if it lands in wrong hands.
e.g. An encrypted financial report sent via email that can only be decoded by the intended recipient with the decryption key.
Accounting Information System (AIS)
An integration of various sub-systems such as Cash, Sales, Inventory, Purchase, Payroll, Fixed Assets, Expenses, Tax, Final Accounts, Costing, Budget, and MIS, implemented through CAS to process financial and non-financial transactions.
e.g. The integrated system in a company where the sales sub-system automatically updates the inventory and accounts receivable sub-systems.
Management Information System (MIS)
A sub-system of AIS that deals with the generation and processing of customised reports vital for management decision-making, supporting planning, organising, staffing, control, and strategic functions.
e.g. A report comparing budgeted sales versus actual sales for the quarter, generated for the sales manager.
Formulas & Equations (2)
A = L + C
Reads as: Assets equal Liabilities plus Capital
Variables: A = Assets (resources owned by the business); L = Liabilities (claims of creditors); C = Capital (claims of owners)
Use when: Used to verify the fundamental accounting equation and to understand the basis of the double-entry system.
⚠ Students often forget that Capital is also a part of Equities and write the equation as A = L, omitting the owner's claim.
Assets = Liabilities + Capital + (Revenues – Expenses)
Reads as: Assets equal Liabilities plus Capital plus the difference of Revenues and Expenses
Variables: Assets; Liabilities; Capital; Revenues (inflow from sales/services); Expenses (consumption of resources)
Use when: Used to understand the expanded accounting equation that reflects the impact of business operations (profit or loss) on the owner's equity.
⚠ Students incorrectly place Revenues and Expenses on the asset side or treat them as standalone items without linking them to their effect on Capital.
How It Works
Basic Flow of Accounting Transaction in CAS
  1. Accounting transactions (raw data) are input into the system.
  2. The data is processed by the Accounting Software (Application Software) commanded by the user.
  3. The software processes the data through the hardware.
  4. The system generates output in the form of accounting reports: Day books/Journals, Ledger, Trial Balance, Position Statement (Balance Sheet), and Statement of Profit and Loss.
💡 The output reports are generated automatically from the single input of a transaction; students often mistakenly think each report requires separate data entry.
Phases of the Accounting Cycle
  1. Business transactions are analysed.
  2. The transactions are recorded in the journal.
  3. Journal entries are posted to the ledger accounts.
  4. A trial balance is prepared from balances of accounts.
  5. Accounts are reviewed and the necessary adjustments made.
  6. Adjustments are posted in the ledger to prepare adjusted trial balance.
  7. Adjusted trial balance is used to prepare the balance sheet and profit and loss account.
  8. Financial Statements are prepared from the finally adjusted ledger and balancing the accounts.
💡 The cycle is sequential and repetitive. Students often forget the crucial step of 'reviewing and making adjustments' before preparing the final statements.
Methodology to Develop Coding Structure
  1. Identify the hierarchy of the system to be coded (e.g., Trust → School → Entry-year → Stream → Class → Section → Student).
  2. Identify all relevant attributes (parameters) associated with the entity.
  3. Determine the maximum possible number of instances for each level of the hierarchy (e.g., max 99 schools, so 2 digits).
  4. Allocate a specific number of digits or characters for each attribute based on its maximum possible value.
  5. Combine the allocated digits in the hierarchical sequence to form the final coding structure.
💡 The number of digits allocated must be based on the *maximum possible* future value, not the current value. A common mistake is not leaving room for expansion.
Exam Traps — Don't Make These Mistakes
⚠ Confusing Data and Information
✗ Data and information are the same thing; a transaction is information.
→ Data is raw, unprocessed facts (input). Information is processed, organised data that has meaning and aids decision-making (output). A transaction is data until it is processed into a report.
✓ Data is the raw fact or input, like the amount and date of a sale. Information is processed data, like a Sales Register or a Balance Sheet, which is the output.
⚠ Misidentifying the Five Components of CAS
✗ The components of CAS are Hardware, Software, and Data only.
→ This omits the two crucial human and procedural elements. A system cannot function without 'People' (users) to operate it and a logical 'Procedure' (sequence of actions) to guide the operation.
✓ The five pillars of CAS are: Procedure, Data, People, Hardware, and Software.
⚠ Incorrect Application of Coding Methods
✗ Mnemonic codes are best for source documents like invoices.
→ Mnemonic codes use alphabets for easy human recall (like 'NDLS' for a station). For source documents that need to be tracked sequentially to find missing numbers, Sequential Codes are the correct method.
✓ Sequential codes are applied primarily to source documents such as cheques and invoices. Mnemonic codes use alphabets or abbreviations as symbols.
⚠ Omitting 'Capital' from the Accounting Equation
✗ The accounting equation is Assets = Liabilities.
→ This equation violates the dual aspect principle. The total assets of a business are financed by both outsiders (Liabilities) and the owners (Capital). The correct equation is Assets = Liabilities + Capital.
✓ The fundamental accounting equation is Assets = Liabilities + Capital, representing the equality of total resources with total claims against them.
⚠ Listing Advantages as Limitations and Vice-Versa
✗ Data hacking is an advantage of CAS because it allows easy access.
→ Unauthorised access (hacking) is a security threat and a major limitation of CAS. An advantage would be a feature that enhances the system's value, like timely generation of reports.
✓ Data being prone to hacking is a limitation of CAS. An advantage is the confidentiality of data maintained through features like password security.
Compare & Contrast
Stage of Processing and Utility
Data
Information
Data is the raw, unprocessed input (e.g., days worked, rate per day), while Information is the processed, meaningful output used for decision-making (e.g., amount to pay calculated by multiplying days and rate).
Method of Assignment and Primary Use
Sequential Code
Block Code
Sequential codes assign numbers in a simple consecutive order mainly for source documents to track missing items, whereas Block codes partition a range of numbers into sub-ranges, each allotted to a specific group or category of items for classification.
Speed, Accuracy, and Reporting
Manual Accounting System
Computerised Accounting System (CAS)
A Manual system is traditional, prone to arithmetic errors, and slow in generating reports, while CAS is automated, ensures arithmetic accuracy, and provides timely generation of reports in desired formats, enhancing decision-making.
Exam Focus
Marks pattern: Typically appears for 6-8 marks. This includes 1-2 MCQs (1 mark each), 1 Short Answer question on components or features (3 marks), and 1 Long Answer question on codification or AIS sub-systems (4-5 marks).
Most asked: Definition and five components of Computerised Accounting System (CAS) · Salient features of CAS (Simple, Transparent, Accurate, Scalable, Reliable) · Grouping of accounts and the expanded Accounting Equation · Methods of Codification (Sequential, Block, Mnemonic) with examples · Advantages and Limitations of CAS · Sub-systems of Accounting Information System (AIS)
Don't skip: Explain the various methods of codification with suitable examples.; What is an Accounting Information System? Describe its major sub-systems.; Explain the five components of a Computerised Accounting System.
Safe to skip: The specific 'Skill Review' exercise on developing a coding structure for inventory items is a practical application and not directly tested as a theory question, but the underlying concept of coding structure development is important.
One-Line Revision (read aloud before the exam)
  1. CAS processes accounting transactions using hardware and software to produce records and reports.
  2. The five pillars of CAS are Procedure, Data, People, Hardware, and Software.
  3. Data is raw fact (input); Information is processed, meaningful data (output).
  4. A data-item is the smallest named unit of data, like account name or amount.
  5. The accounting cycle spans from analysing transactions to preparing financial statements.
  6. Financial statements are prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
  7. The fundamental accounting equation is Assets = Liabilities + Capital.
  8. The expanded equation is Assets = Liabilities + Capital + (Revenues – Expenses).
  9. Revenue is the inflow of resources from normal business operations.
  10. Expenses are the consumption of resources to generate revenue.
  11. A code is an identification mark using letters or figures for brevity and machine processing.
  12. Sequential codes assign numbers in consecutive order, ideal for source documents like invoices.
  13. Block codes partition a number range into sub-ranges for different groups.
  14. Mnemonic codes use alphabets or abbreviations as symbols for easy recall, like 'NDLS' for New Delhi.
  15. Coding structure development requires identifying hierarchy and allocating digits based on maximum possible values.
  16. Salient features of CAS are: Simple and Integrated, Transparency and Control, Accuracy and Speed, Scalability, and Reliability.
  17. Advantages of CAS include timely reports, efficient record keeping, and data confidentiality.
  18. Limitations of CAS include technology obsolescence, data loss from power cuts, and hacking risks.
  19. Password security defines user rights to control access to specific data sets.
  20. Data Audit acts as an audit trail, showing who made what changes to the original data.
  21. Encryption scrambles data to make it unreadable to unauthorised users, ensuring security.
  22. An Accounting Information System (AIS) integrates sub-systems like Cash, Sales, Inventory, and Payroll.
  23. The Management Information System (MIS) generates customised reports for decision-making.

MCQs — 10 Questions with Answers

Q1. Computerised Accounting System (CAS) refers to which of the following?

  • A. Processing accounting transactions through hardware and software to produce accounting records and reports ✓
  • B. A system that replaces the accounting equation with computerised formulas
  • C. A method to store only invoices and receipts in digital format
  • D. A process where accountants work only on computers, not manually

Answer: A — CAS is specifically the automated processing of transactions through hardware and software to generate journals, ledgers, trial balance, and financial statements, while maintaining GAAP principles.

Q2. Which of the following is NOT one of the five pillars of Computerised Accounting System?

  • A. Procedure
  • B. Data
  • C. Report ✓
  • D. Hardware

Answer: C — The five pillars are Procedure, Data, People, Hardware, and Software; 'Report' is an output, not a foundational pillar of CAS.

Q3. In the context of CAS, what is the main difference between 'data' and 'information'?

  • A. Data is processed facts; information is raw facts
  • B. Data is raw facts; information is processed data that answers a decision-making question ✓
  • C. Data and information are the same thing in accounting
  • D. Data is stored in computers; information is printed on paper

Answer: B — Data is raw input (e.g. days worked, rate per day); information is when that data is processed to answer a business question (e.g. wages payable).

Q4. Which of the following is an example of a 'data element' in an accounting transaction according to CAS concept?

  • A. The profit earned by the business
  • B. Name of account, accounting code, date of transaction, and amount ✓
  • C. The Balance Sheet prepared at year-end
  • D. The decision made by the management based on financial reports

Answer: B — A transaction in CAS consists of four data elements: account name, accounting code, transaction date, and amount—these are the smallest named units of data.

Q5. The accounting equation that forms the foundation of CAS is?

  • A. Revenue − Expenses = Profit
  • B. Assets = Liabilities + Capital + (Revenues − Expenses) ✓
  • C. Debit = Credit
  • D. Assets = Liabilities only

Answer: B — The extended accounting equation includes the income statement impact (Revenues − Expenses) to show how profit changes capital, and this is the basis for classifying accounts in CAS.

Q6. Which salient feature of CAS allows the software to handle both small and large business transaction volumes without requiring system changes?

  • A. Transparency and Control
  • B. Accuracy and Speed
  • C. Scalability ✓
  • D. Reliability

Answer: C — Scalability specifically refers to CAS's ability to change data processing volume in tune with business growth without major system modifications.

Q7. Which of the following steps in the accounting cycle comes IMMEDIATELY after posting journal entries to the ledger?

  • A. Prepare the Balance Sheet
  • B. Prepare a Trial Balance ✓
  • C. Analyse business transactions
  • D. Make adjusting entries

Answer: B — The sequence is: Journal → Ledger → Trial Balance → Adjustments → Adjusted Trial Balance → Financial Statements.

Q8. According to the accounting equation A = L + C, if a business has Assets of ₹5,00,000 and Liabilities of ₹2,00,000, what is the Capital?

  • A. ₹2,00,000
  • B. ₹3,00,000 ✓
  • C. ₹7,00,000
  • D. Cannot be determined

Answer: B — Capital = Assets − Liabilities = ₹5,00,000 − ₹2,00,000 = ₹3,00,000.

Q9. Which of the following pairs correctly represents the classification of an account under 'Current Liabilities' in CAS?

  • A. Long-term Borrowings and Deferred Tax Liabilities
  • B. Trade Payables and Short-term Borrowings ✓
  • C. Fixed Assets and Tangible Assets
  • D. Share Capital and Reserves

Answer: B — Current Liabilities include Short-term Borrowings, Trade Payables, Other Current Liabilities, and Short-term Provisions; Long-term items belong to Non-Current Liabilities.

Q10. Which statement is CORRECT regarding the relationship between CAS and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)?

  • A. CAS eliminates the need to follow GAAP
  • B. CAS automates the accounting cycle but financial statements must still be prepared in accordance with GAAP ✓
  • C. GAAP is only applicable to manual accounting systems, not CAS
  • D. CAS and GAAP are unrelated concepts in modern accounting

Answer: B — CAS is a tool that speeds up and automates the accounting cycle, but it does not change the fundamental requirement that financial statements comply with GAAP.

Flashcards

What is a Computerised Accounting System (CAS)?

CAS is the processing of accounting transactions through hardware and software to produce accounting records and reports following GAAP principles.

Name the five pillars on which CAS rests.

Procedure, Data, People, Hardware, and Software are the five core components of a Computerised Accounting System.

What is the difference between data and information in accounting?

Data is raw facts (e.g. days worked, rate per day); information is processed data that answers a specific decision-making question (e.g. amount to pay).

Define the accounting equation used in CAS.

Assets = Liabilities + Capital + (Revenues − Expenses), where all components must balance under double-entry system.

What are the main phases of the accounting cycle in CAS?

Analyse transactions, record in journal, post to ledger, prepare trial balance, make adjustments, prepare adjusted trial balance, then generate financial statements.

What is meant by 'Scalability' in CAS?

Scalability means CAS can adjust its data processing volume to match changes in business size and transaction volume without requiring system overhaul.

Name three salient features of CAS software.

CAS must be Simple and Integrated, provide Transparency and Control, ensure Accuracy and Speed, be Scalable, and maintain Reliability of financial data.

How does CAS ensure accuracy in financial reporting?

CAS uses user-definable templates for fast and accurate data entry, automated processing, and validation rules to minimize manual errors and ensure control.

What is the purpose of grouping accounts in CAS?

Grouping accounts into Assets, Liabilities, and Equity classifications helps organise large volumes of transaction data according to the accounting equation and GAAP.

Which accounts fall under 'Current Liabilities' in CAS classification?

Current Liabilities include Short Term Borrowings, Trade Payables, Other Current Liabilities, and Short Term Provisions.

Important Board Questions

Define 'Computerised Accounting System' and state any two advantages of using CAS in modern business. [2 marks]

Define CAS as processing transactions via hardware/software; mention advantages like speed, accuracy, real-time access, reduced errors, or better decision-making.

Explain the five pillars of Computerised Accounting System with a brief example of each. How do these pillars work together to ensure effective financial accounting? [5 marks]

Describe each pillar (Procedure, Data, People, Hardware, Software) with one short example; then explain integration—e.g. software processes data (entered by people) following procedures using hardware to generate reports. Show how all five are interdependent.

The accounting equation is the foundation of CAS. Starting with the basic equation A = L + C, derive the extended equation that incorporates revenues and expenses, and explain how this extended equation helps in classifying accounts in a Computerised Accounting System according to Schedule III format. [6 marks]

Start with A = L + C; explain that capital changes due to profit/loss, so extend to A = L + C + (R − E); show how each component (Assets, Liabilities, Equity, Revenue, Expense) is classified into sub-groups (Non-Current/Current, Fixed/Current Assets, Shareholder Funds/Borrowings) in CAS, making data entry and report generation systematic and GAAP-compliant.

Assertion-Reason Questions for Overview of Computerised Accounting System

Q1. Assertion (A):

A Computerised Accounting System processes accounting transactions through hardware and software to produce accounting records such as journals, ledgers, and financial statements.

Reason (R):

CAS is designed to automate all business operations including sales, finance, purchase, inventory, and manufacturing in an integrated manner.

Answer: B — Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A — Both statements are true. The assertion correctly defines CAS's primary function (processing transactions to produce records). The reason correctly describes a salient feature (simple and integrated design). However, the reason does not explain why CAS produces journals and ledgers—it merely describes an additional feature. The reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Q2. Assertion (A):

Data items in a Computerised Accounting System are the smallest named units of data, such as account name, accounting code, date, and amount.

Reason (R):

Multiple data items combine to form a complete accounting transaction that is recorded in a journal.

Answer: A — Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A — Both the assertion and reason are true. The assertion correctly defines data items as the smallest units. The reason correctly explains why this matters—these items combine to form transactions. The reason directly supports why data items are important in CAS: they are the building blocks of transactions. This is a proper explanation.

Q3. Assertion (A):

In the fundamental accounting equation Assets = Liabilities + Capital, the Capital component represents only the initial investment by the owner.

Reason (R):

The expanded equation Assets = Liabilities + Capital + (Revenues − Expenses) shows that owner's equity changes due to business profitability or losses.

Answer: D — A is false but R is true — The assertion is false — Capital does not remain limited to the initial investment; it also absorbs accumulated profits and losses over time. The reason is true and correctly explains why: the expanded equation shows owner's equity changing with revenues and expenses, which is exactly what makes the assertion's 'only the initial investment' claim wrong.

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Case-Based Questions (CBQ) for Overview of Computerised Accounting System

Case Study:

Rajesh & Co., a medium-sized manufacturing enterprise in Delhi, processes approximately 500 financial transactions daily across purchasing, sales, and inventory management. Previously, they maintained a manual accounting system requiring 8 staff members working 10 hours daily. After implementing a Computerised Accounting System, the company reports 95% reduction in data entry errors, 70% reduction in processing time, and only 3 staff members needed for financial operations. However, initial implementation faced delays due to staff resistance and lack of system integration with legacy databases. The firm's accountant noted that the CAS provides real-time access to trial balances and profit statements, enabling better decision-making.

Q1. Which salient feature of CAS is most directly responsible for Rajesh & Co.'s reduction in processing time and errors?

  • A. Scalability and Reliability
  • B. Accuracy and Speed with user-definable templates ✓
  • C. Transparency and Control mechanisms
  • D. Simple and Integrated design

Answer: B

Q2. The real-time access to trial balances and profit statements mentioned in the case demonstrates which CAS feature?

  • A. Scalability
  • B. Transparency and Control ✓
  • C. Accuracy and Speed
  • D. Reliability

Answer: B

Q3. Why did Rajesh & Co. face delays during CAS implementation despite choosing an appropriate system?

  • A. The software lacked integration capabilities with other business modules
  • B. Staff resistance and legacy database integration issues were organizational challenges, not system limitations ✓
  • C. The system was not scalable enough for 500 daily transactions
  • D. Data entry templates were not user-friendly

Answer: B

Q4. Based on the case, reducing the required accounting staff from 8 to 3 while handling 500 daily transactions demonstrates which component of CAS was most effective?

  • A. Hardware efficiency
  • B. Procedure automation combined with Accuracy and Speed features ✓
  • C. People management
  • D. Database reliability

Answer: B

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Previous Year Questions (PYQ) for Overview of Computerised Accounting System

Real CBSE board exam questions from past papers — free to attempt.

CBSE 2026 · Set 67/3/1 · 1 mark

Which of the following is not a benefit of Accounting Software?

  • Increased data security
  • Suitable for business with low accounting operations
  • Requires minimal system support
  • Cheaper

CBSE 2026 · Set 67/3/1 · 1 mark

The ability to process large amounts of data processing in accordance with the size and growth of the business is the benefit being highlighted in the statement:

  • Reliability
  • Scalability
  • Transparency
  • Simple and integrated

CBSE 2026 · Set 67/3/1 · 4 marks

List the necessary information to be filled by a user on company creation screen.

CBSE 2026 · Set 67/3/2 · 1 mark

[Diagram/Map-based question — skipped]

CBSE 2026 · Set 67/3/2 · 3 marks

What are the three categories in which accounting entries can be classified while entering them in vouchers?

CBSE 2026 · Set 67/3/2 · 3 marks

Explain Sequential codes and Block codes with the help of example.

CBSE 2026 · Set 67/3/3 · 1 mark

Which of the following is not Accounting Software?

  • Increased data security
  • Suitable for business with low accounting operations
  • Requires minimal system support
  • Cheaper

CBSE 2026 · Set 67/3/3 · 1 mark

data processing in accordance with the size and growth of the being highlighted in the statement:

  • Reliability
  • Scalability
  • Transparency
  • Simple and integrated

CBSE 2026 · Set 67/4/1 · 1 mark

Fixed Asset Accounting sub-system generates information about :

  • Loans
  • Purchase expenses
  • Depreciation
  • Inventory purchased

CBSE 2026 · Set 67/4/1 · 1 mark

It is a widely accepted security control. It uses binary encoding format of storage to offer access to database. It is known as :

  • Password security
  • Data audit
  • Data vault
  • Data integrity

CBSE 2026 · Set 67/4/1 · 1 mark

The accounting software which satisfies the requirement of large business organisations with multiusers and geographically scattered locations is :

  • Generic software
  • Tailored software
  • Specific software
  • Both (A) and (C)

CBSE 2026 · Set 67/4/1 · 3 marks

What are the three categories in which entries can be classified while making voucher entry ?

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Class 12 Accountancy Previous Year Questions, Chapter-wise

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