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Forest and Wildlife Resources

NCERT Class 10 · Social Science Based on NCERT Class 10 Social Science textbook · Free CBSE study kit

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Chapter Notes

Overview
This chapter explores the immense biodiversity of India, the importance of forests and wildlife for ecological balance and human survival, and the various conservation efforts undertaken. It highlights the legal framework (Wildlife Protection Act, 1972), specific projects like Project Tiger, and the classification of forests. The central idea is that conservation is not just a government duty but requires active community participation, as demonstrated by movements like Chipko and Joint Forest Management.
Key Concepts (12)
Biodiversity
The vast array of biological diversity in terms of form and function, closely integrated through multiple networks of interdependencies.
e.g. India has millions of species from micro-organisms to banyan trees and elephants, forming a complex web of life.
Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972
An act implemented to protect wildlife by banning hunting, giving legal protection to habitats, and restricting trade in wildlife.
e.g. Under this act, an all-India list of protected species was published and national parks were established.
Project Tiger
A wildlife conservation campaign launched in 1973 to save the tiger, which had dwindled to 1,827 from an estimated 55,000 at the turn of the century.
e.g. Corbett National Park, Sunderbans National Park, and Bandhavgarh National Park are some tiger reserves.
Reserved Forests
More than half of the total forest land declared as reserved forests, regarded as the most valuable for conservation of forest and wildlife resources.
e.g. Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanent forests, with 75% of its total forest area as reserved.
Protected Forests
Almost one-third of the total forest area declared as protected forests by the Forest Department, protected from any further depletion.
e.g. Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, and Rajasthan have a bulk of their forests under this category.
Unclassed Forests
Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities.
e.g. All North-eastern states and parts of Gujarat have a high percentage of unclassed forests managed by local communities.
Permanent Forest Estates
Reserved and protected forests maintained for producing timber and other forest produce, and for protective reasons.
e.g. Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanent forests.
Chipko Movement
A famous movement in the Himalayas that successfully resisted deforestation and showed that community afforestation with indigenous species can be successful.
e.g. Villagers hugged trees to prevent them from being cut down.
Joint Forest Management (JFM)
A programme involving local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests, formalized since 1988 when Odisha passed the first resolution.
e.g. Village institutions undertake protection activities on degraded forest land in return for non-timber forest produce and a share in timber.
Sacred Groves
Patches of forest or parts of large forests left untouched by local people, based on the belief that all creations of nature have to be protected.
e.g. The Mundas and Santhal of Chota Nagpur worship mahua and kadamba trees.
Beej Bachao Andolan
A movement in Tehri and Navdanya showing that diversified crop production without synthetic chemicals is possible and economically viable.
e.g. Farmers and citizen's groups promoting traditional seed varieties.
Bhairodev Dakav 'Sonchuri'
A community-led conservation initiative in Alwar district, Rajasthan, where villagers declared 1,200 hectares of forest with their own rules banning hunting and protecting wildlife.
e.g. Inhabitants of five villages declared this forest to protect it from encroachments.
How It Works
Conservation through the Wildlife Protection Act 1972
  1. Step 1: The act was implemented in 1972 with provisions for protecting habitats.
  2. Step 2: An all-India list of protected species was published.
  3. Step 3: Hunting was banned, legal protection was given to habitats, and trade in wildlife was restricted.
  4. Step 4: Central and state governments established national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
  5. Step 5: Specific projects were announced for gravely threatened species like tiger, rhinoceros, and hangul.
💡 Students often forget that the act also restricted trade in wildlife, not just banned hunting.
Project Tiger Implementation
  1. Step 1: In 1973, authorities realized tiger population had dwindled to 1,827 from 55,000.
  2. Step 2: Major threats identified: poaching, shrinking habitat, depletion of prey base, growing human population.
  3. Step 3: Project Tiger was launched as a well-publicised wildlife campaign.
  4. Step 4: Tiger conservation was viewed as saving an endangered species and preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude.
  5. Step 5: Tiger reserves like Corbett, Sunderbans, Bandhavgarh, Sariska, Manas, and Periyar were established.
💡 Students must remember that India and Nepal provide habitat to about two-thirds of the surviving tiger population, making them prime targets for poaching.
Classification of Forests in India
  1. Step 1: Reserved Forests — more than half of total forest land, most valuable for conservation.
  2. Step 2: Protected Forests — almost one-third of total forest area, protected from further depletion.
  3. Step 3: Unclassed Forests — other forests and wastelands belonging to government and private individuals/communities.
  4. Step 4: Reserved and protected forests are called permanent forest estates.
💡 Students often confuse reserved forests with protected forests. Reserved forests are more valuable and strictly conserved.
Joint Forest Management (JFM)
  1. Step 1: Formal existence since 1988 when Odisha passed the first resolution.
  2. Step 2: Local (village) institutions are formed.
  3. Step 3: These institutions undertake protection activities on degraded forest land managed by the forest department.
  4. Step 4: In return, members get intermediary benefits like non-timber forest produces and a share in timber harvested by successful protection.
💡 JFM is about involving local communities, not handing over full control. The forest department still manages the land.
Exam Traps — Don't Make These Mistakes
⚠ Confusing Reserved and Protected Forests
✗ Reserved forests are protected from further depletion, and protected forests are the most valuable.
→ It is the opposite: reserved forests are the most valuable, and protected forests are protected from further depletion.
✓ Reserved forests are regarded as the most valuable for conservation, while protected forests are protected from any further depletion.
⚠ Mixing up Project Tiger launch year and tiger population
✗ Project Tiger was launched in 1972 when the tiger population was 55,000.
→ Project Tiger was launched in 1973, and the population had dwindled to 1,827 from an estimated 55,000 at the turn of the century.
✓ Project Tiger was launched in 1973 when the tiger population had dwindled to 1,827 from an estimated 55,000 at the turn of the century.
⚠ Thinking Wildlife Protection Act only bans hunting
✗ The Wildlife Protection Act 1972 banned hunting of endangered species.
→ The act also gave legal protection to habitats and restricted trade in wildlife, not just banned hunting.
✓ The Wildlife Protection Act 1972 banned hunting, gave legal protection to habitats, and restricted trade in wildlife.
⚠ Assuming JFM started in 1972
✗ Joint Forest Management started with the Wildlife Protection Act in 1972.
→ JFM has been in formal existence since 1988 when Odisha passed the first resolution.
✓ Joint Forest Management has been in formal existence since 1988 when the state of Odisha passed the first resolution.
Compare & Contrast
Degree of conservation value and protection
Reserved Forests
Protected Forests
Reserved forests are regarded as the most valuable for conservation, while protected forests are protected from any further depletion.
Approach to forest conservation
Chipko Movement
Joint Forest Management (JFM)
Chipko is a grassroots community movement resisting deforestation, while JFM is a formal government programme involving local communities in managing degraded forests.
Exam Focus
Marks pattern: 2 MCQs (1 mark each), 1 Short Answer (3 marks), 1 Long Answer (5 marks)
Most asked: Biodiversity and its importance · Wildlife Protection Act 1972 · Project Tiger · Classification of forests (Reserved, Protected, Unclassed) · Community and conservation (Chipko, JFM, Sacred Groves)
Don't skip: Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India (5 marks); Explain the classification of forests in India (3 marks); What is biodiversity and why is it important? (3 marks)
One-Line Revision (read aloud before the exam)
  1. Biodiversity is the vast array of biological diversity integrated through multiple networks of interdependencies.
  2. The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972 to ban hunting, protect habitats, and restrict wildlife trade.
  3. Project Tiger was launched in 1973 when the tiger population had dwindled to 1,827 from an estimated 55,000.
  4. Reserved forests are the most valuable for conservation, while protected forests are protected from further depletion.
  5. Unclassed forests are other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities.
  6. Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanent forests, constituting 75% of its total forest area.
  7. The Chipko movement in the Himalayas successfully resisted deforestation through community action.
  8. Joint Forest Management (JFM) has been in formal existence since 1988 when Odisha passed the first resolution.
  9. Sacred groves are patches of forest left untouched by local people based on nature worship.
  10. The Bishnoi community in Rajasthan protects blackbuck, chinkara, nilgai, and peacocks as part of their culture.
  11. In Sariska Tiger Reserve, villagers fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act.
  12. Conservation preserves ecological diversity, life support systems (water, air, soil), and genetic diversity of plants and animals.
  13. India and Nepal provide habitat to about two-thirds of the surviving tiger population in the world.
  14. The Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya promotes diversified crop production without synthetic chemicals.

MCQs — 10 Questions with Answers

Q1. A state government decides to convert 40% of its reserved forests into agricultural land to boost crop production. Based on the chapter, what would be the PRIMARY concern with this decision?

  • A. Reserved forests are the most valuable for conservation of forest and wildlife resources, and their depletion would damage ecological diversity and life support systems. ✓
  • B. Agricultural land produces less income than timber from reserved forests.
  • C. Reserved forests cover less than half of India's total forest area.
  • D. The state would lose its protected forest classification.

Answer: A — Reserved forests are explicitly stated as 'most valuable' for conservation and protection of biodiversity; conversion would directly harm the ecological systems that provide water, air, and soil quality that humans depend on. Option B focuses on economic value rather than conservation principle.

Q2. Between 1900 and 1973, the tiger population in India fell from 55,000 to 1,827. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a major threat to this decline?

  • A. Poaching for trade and illegal trading of tiger skins.
  • B. Use of tiger bones in traditional medicines, especially in Asian countries.
  • C. Loss of tiger habitats due to infrastructure development.
  • D. Excessive hunting by indigenous tribal communities for food and clothing. ✓

Answer: D — The chapter identifies poaching for trade, use in traditional medicines, shrinking habitat, depletion of prey base, and growing human population as threats, but does not mention tribal hunting as a cause; option D is a distractor reflecting common misconceptions about indigenous peoples.

Q3. The Lepcha folk song in the chapter expresses gratitude to 'Narak' for music gathered from 'springs, rivers, mountains, forests, insects and animals.' This reflects which core concept of the chapter?

  • A. Humans should only use wildlife for economic benefit and trade.
  • B. Biodiversity is diverse in form and function but closely integrated in a system of interdependencies. ✓
  • C. Wildlife conservation is only the responsibility of the government.
  • D. Indigenous people do not value modern conservation practices.

Answer: B — The song demonstrates the harmonious integration of all living beings in nature through an interconnected network, which directly matches the definition of biodiversity given in the chapter as 'diverse in form and function but closely integrated in a system through multiple network of interdependencies.' Option A misinterprets the spiritual connection as purely economic.

Q4. A coastal state with declining fish populations seeks advice on whether to maintain or reduce protection of aquatic habitats. Which principle from the chapter supports maintaining aquatic biodiversity protection?

  • A. Fisheries are heavily dependent on the maintenance of aquatic biodiversity for sustainable productivity. ✓
  • B. All aquatic species must be hunted equally to maintain population balance.
  • C. Protected aquatic habitats prevent human settlements near coastal areas.
  • D. Aquatic conservation is more important than terrestrial forest conservation.

Answer: A — The chapter explicitly states that 'Fisheries too are heavily dependent on the maintenance of aquatic biodiversity,' establishing the direct link between habitat protection and fishing industry sustainability. Option B contradicts conservation principles, and C/D introduce unsupported claims.

Q5. Assertion (A): The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972 with provisions including habitat protection and banning of hunting for endangered species. Reason (R): Tiger population had declined to 1,827 by 1973, prompting the need for urgent legal protection measures. Choose the correct option:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A ✓
  • C. A is true but R is false
  • D. A is false but R is true

Answer: B — Both statements are factually true (Act was implemented in 1972, tiger population was 1,827 in 1973), but the Act was enacted as a response to broader wildlife decline across multiple species, not specifically because of tiger decline which was only discovered in 1973 after the Act's passage.

Q6. Assertion (A): Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanent forests, constituting 75% of its total forest area. Reason (R): Permanent forests are maintained exclusively for timber production without any conservation purpose. Choose the correct option:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • C. A is true but R is false ✓
  • D. A is false but R is true

Answer: C — Statement A is correct as per the chapter; however, R is false because permanent forests are maintained 'for the purpose of producing timber and other forest produce, and for protective reasons'—conservation is explicitly included. Option B would incorrectly validate the flawed explanation.

Q7. Assertion (A): Reserved forests cover more than half of India's total forest land and are classified as reserved forests by the Forest Department. Reason (R): Reserved forests are regarded as the most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources are concerned. Choose the correct option:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A ✓
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • C. A is true but R is false
  • D. A is false but R is true

Answer: A — Both A and R are true; the high value placed on reserved forests (R) directly supports why they comprise more than half of forest land—demonstrating the government's prioritization of these lands for conservation purposes.

Q8. Extract: "Project Tiger, one of the well-publicised wildlife campaigns in the world, was launched in 1973. Tiger conservation has been viewed not only as an effort to save an endangered species, but with equal importance as a means of preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude." Based on this passage, what does 'preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude' mean in the context of Project Tiger?

  • A. Increasing the number of tiger hunting reserves across India.
  • B. Protecting large ecological systems and habitats that support multiple species dependent on tigers. ✓
  • C. Using tiger bones to develop traditional medicines at a large scale.
  • D. Creating tiger farms to breed tigers in captivity for trade.

Answer: B — The passage indicates that tiger conservation serves dual purposes: saving the species and preserving 'biotypes of sizeable magnitude,' which refers to the broader ecological systems and habitats that tigers inhabit and on which multiple organisms depend. Option A contradicts the conservation goal, while C and D contradict the chapter's emphasis on legal protection against trade.

Q9. Extract: "Reserved and protected forests are also referred to as permanent forest estates maintained for the purpose of producing timber and other forest produce, and for protective reasons. Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and Maharashtra have large percentages of reserved forests." Which region has a bulk of its permanent forests classified as protected rather than reserved?

  • A. Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.
  • B. Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, and Rajasthan. ✓
  • C. Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and Maharashtra.
  • D. Madhya Pradesh and all North Indian states.

Answer: B — The chapter explicitly states that 'Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan have a bulk of it under protected forests,' while the states listed in options A and C have large percentages of reserved forests, not protected forests.

Q10. Extract: "The plants, animals and micro-organisms re-create the quality of the air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil that produces our food without which we cannot survive. Forests play a key role in the ecological system as these are also the primary producers on which all other living beings depend." Which conservation strategy would BEST address the need described in this extract?

  • A. Establishing national parks exclusively for tourist revenue generation.
  • B. Preserving and expanding forest reserves and protected habitats to maintain ecosystem services. ✓
  • C. Allowing selective commercial logging in reserved forests to balance economic and conservation needs.
  • D. Restricting human access to all forests to eliminate human-wildlife conflicts.

Answer: B — The extract emphasizes that forests and biodiversity provide essential life-support services (air, water, soil); therefore, preservation and expansion of protected forest areas would best maintain these critical ecosystem services. Options A, C, and D either commodify conservation, compromise it, or create practical barriers rather than addressing the core need for habitat preservation.

Flashcards

What is biodiversity?

Biological diversity is the immense richness and variety of plant and animal species, diverse in form and function, closely integrated through multiple interdependencies in a system.

Why did tiger population decline from 55,000 to 1,827?

Poaching for trade, shrinking habitat, depletion of prey species, and use of tiger bones in Asian traditional medicines caused the catastrophic decline by 1973.

What is the Indian Wildlife Protection Act and when was it implemented?

The Indian Wildlife Protection Act, implemented in 1972, provided legal provisions for protecting endangered species habitats and banning hunting and wildlife trade.

Name three types of tiger reserves in India.

Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand), Sundarbans National Park (West Bengal), and Bandhavgarh National Park (Madhya Pradesh) are three major tiger reserves.

What percentage of India's total forest land is reserved forest?

More than half (over 50 percent) of India's total forest land has been declared as reserved forests, which are most valuable for conservation.

What is Project Tiger and when was it launched?

Project Tiger, launched in 1973, is a wildlife conservation campaign aimed at saving endangered tigers and preserving entire biotypes and ecosystems.

What are permanent forest estates?

Reserved and protected forests maintained together as permanent forest estates for producing timber and forest produce while also serving protective conservation reasons.

Name four species given legal protection in India.

Tiger, one-horned rhinoceros, Kashmir stag (hangul), three crocodile types (freshwater, saltwater, gharial), Asiatic lion, elephant, black buck, and snow leopard are legally protected.

Why is conservation of forests and wildlife essential?

Conservation preserves ecological diversity, life support systems (water, air, soil), genetic diversity for species breeding, and maintains traditional crop and fishery resources.

What is the role of tribal communities in forest conservation?

Local tribal communities actively participate in habitat conservation through activities like collecting leaf litter, managing bamboo nurseries, and selling minor forest produce sustainably.

Important Board Questions

Define biodiversity and explain why all living organisms depend on it. [2 marks]

State that biodiversity is variety of flora and fauna in integrated system; explain that organisms recreate air quality, water, soil — essential for human survival.

Explain how the Indian Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 helped in conservation. Give any two ways. [3 marks]

Act provided legal protection to endangered species habitats; banned hunting of protected animals; restricted wildlife trade; led to establishment of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.

Describe Project Tiger as a conservation strategy. How did it demonstrate the shift from protecting individual species to ecosystem conservation? [5 marks]

Explain 1973 launch due to tiger population decline from 55,000 to 1,827; list major threats (poaching, habitat loss, prey depletion). Show shift: initial tiger-focus evolved to biotype preservation and biodiversity conservation including insects (1980s) and plants (1991); demonstrate how reserves protect entire ecosystems supporting multiple species interdependencies.

Assertion-Reason Questions for Forest and Wildlife Resources

Q1. Assertion (A):

The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act implemented in 1972 included provisions for banning hunting and restricting trade in wildlife.

Reason (R):

This act was designed to protect the remaining population of endangered species by providing legal protection to their habitats.

Answer: A — Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A — Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains why the act included these specific provisions. The act's measures (banning hunting, restricting trade) were implemented specifically to protect endangered species habitats and populations, making the reason a valid and complete explanation of the assertion.

Q2. Assertion (A):

Biodiversity includes both wildlife and cultivated species that are closely integrated through networks of interdependencies.

Reason (R):

Biodiversity conservation became necessary because of rapid decline in wildlife population and forestry in the 1960s and 1970s.

Answer: B — Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A — Both statements are true. The assertion correctly defines biodiversity as stated in the study material. The reason correctly identifies why conservation became necessary. However, the reason does not explain what biodiversity is or why it includes both wild and cultivated species integrated through interdependencies. The reason explains the cause of conservation need, not the nature of biodiversity itself.

Q3. Assertion (A):

Project Tiger is viewed as important for preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude, not only for saving the tiger species.

Reason (R):

Tiger population declined from 55,000 to 1,827 due to poaching for trade in tiger skins and bones used in traditional medicines.

Answer: B — Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A — Both statements are true. The assertion correctly reflects what the study material states about Project Tiger's broader conservation goals. The reason accurately describes the causes of tiger population decline. However, the reason explains why tigers need protection (population decline causes), not why Project Tiger is valuable for preserving larger biotypes. The reason does not explain the assertion about ecological importance.

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Case-Based Questions (CBQ) for Forest and Wildlife Resources

Case Study:

In 1973, the government of the princely state of Jodhpur issued an order prohibiting the felling of trees in the Aravalli hills. This was in response to a petition from the Bishnoi community, who had long protected the local khejri trees and blackbuck. The Bishnoi’s religious beliefs hold that harming trees or animals is against the tenets of their faith. This historical instance is often cited as an early example of community-led conservation in India.

Q1. Which community is associated with the protection of khejri trees and blackbuck in the given passage?

  • A. Santhals
  • B. Gonds
  • C. Bishnois ✓
  • D. Bhils

Answer: C

Q2. What was the primary reason behind the Bishnoi community’s conservation of trees and animals, as mentioned in the passage?

  • A. Government orders
  • B. Economic benefits from tourism
  • C. Religious beliefs ✓
  • D. Fear of legal punishment

Answer: C

Q3. The passage describes the 1973 order as an 'early example of community-led conservation'. Based on your NCERT knowledge, which of the following modern conservation initiatives is most similar in spirit to this example?

  • A. Project Tiger
  • B. The Chipko movement ✓
  • C. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972
  • D. The declaration of Biosphere Reserves

Answer: B

Q4. If the government order of 1973 had not been issued, what is the most likely long-term consequence for the Aravalli region based on the passage and your understanding of forest resources?

  • A. Increase in blackbuck population
  • B. Complete deforestation and loss of biodiversity ✓
  • C. Migration of the Bishnoi community to cities
  • D. Automatic regrowth of forests without intervention

Answer: B

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Previous Year Questions (PYQ) for Forest and Wildlife Resources

Real CBSE board exam questions from past papers — free to attempt.

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/4/1 · 1 mark

Match Column – I with Column – II and choose the correct option: Column – I (National Park): a. Corbett, b. Sunderban, c. Sariska, d. Periyar; Column – II (States): i. Rajasthan, ii. Uttarakhand, iii. Kerala, iv. West Bengal

  • ii i iv iii
  • i iii ii iv
  • iv ii iii i
  • ii iv i iii

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/4/2 · 1 mark

Match Column – I with Column – II and choose the correct option: a. Corbett, b. Sunderban, c. Sariska, d. Periyar with i. Rajasthan, ii. Uttarakhand, iii. Kerala, iv. West Bengal

  • ii i iv iii
  • i iii ii iv
  • iv ii iii i
  • ii iv i iii

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/4/3 · 1 mark

Match Column – I with Column – II and choose the correct option: Column – I (National Park) Column – II (States)

  • ii i iv iii
  • i iii ii iv
  • iv ii iii i
  • ii iv i iii

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/5/1 · 1 mark

In which of the following States of India, has the largest area under permanent forests?

  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Madhya Pradesh
  • Gujarat
  • Maharashtra

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/5/1 · 1 mark

Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option: Column-I (National Parks): a. Sariska b. Sunderban c. Corbett d. Bandhavgarh Column-II (States): i. Madhya Pradesh ii. Uttarakhand iii. West Bengal iv. Rajasthan

  • iii ii i iv
  • iv ii iii i
  • iv iii ii i
  • ii iv iii i

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/5/2 · 1 mark

Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option:

  • iii ii i iv
  • iv ii iii i
  • iv iii ii i
  • ii iv iii i

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/5/3 · 1 mark

Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option: Column-I (National Parks): a. Sariska, b. Sunderban, c. Corbett, d. Bandhavgarh Column-II (States): i. Madhya Pradesh, ii. Uttarakhand, iii. West Bengal, iv. Rajasthan

  • iii ii i iv
  • iv ii iii i
  • iv iii ii i
  • ii iv iii i

CBSE 2025 · Set 31/1/1 · 1 mark

Arrange the following categories of forests in India from the largest to the smallest in terms of area and choose the correct option: I. Reserved II. Protected III. Unclassed

  • III, II, I
  • I, II, III
  • II, III, I
  • III, I, II

CBSE 2025 · Set 31/1/1 · 1 mark

[Question in Hindi - skipped]

  • Madhya Pradesh
  • Rajasthan
  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Maharashtra

CBSE 2025 · Set 31/1/3 · 1 mark

Which state is the leading producer of tiger reserves in India?

  • Madhya Pradesh
  • Rajasthan
  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Maharashtra

CBSE 2025 · Set 31/2/1 · 1 mark

Choose the correctly matched pair from the following: National Park/Tiger Reserve and State

  • Corbett National Park - Himachal Pradesh
  • Bandhavgarh National Park - Rajasthan
  • Periyar Tiger Reserve - Tamil Nadu
  • Manas Tiger Reserve - Assam

CBSE 2025 · Set 31/2/1 · 1 mark

Which of the following characteristics of the Indian Wild Life (Protection) Act are correct? Choose the most appropriate option. I. To make provisions for habitat for wild animals. II. To publish list of protected species. III. To ban hunting to save endangered species. IV. To include important subjects like forests and wildlife in the Union List.

  • Only I, II and III are correct.
  • Only I, II and IV are correct.
  • Only II, III and IV are correct.
  • Only I, III and IV are correct.

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Class 10 Social Science Previous Year Questions, Chapter-wise

All 805 CBSE board questions from 2022–2026, sorted by chapter and question type. Free PDF download.

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