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Development

NCERT Class 10 · Social Science Based on NCERT Class 10 Social Science textbook · Free CBSE study kit

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Chapter Notes

Overview
This chapter explores the multifaceted concept of development, moving beyond a simple focus on income to include quality of life, equality, freedom, and sustainability. It explains why different people and nations have different, often conflicting, developmental goals and introduces key indicators like per capita income, Infant Mortality Rate, Literacy Rate, and the Human Development Index (HDI) used for comparison. The one big idea a student must walk away with is that development is not just about higher income; it is about a holistic improvement in people's well-being, health, education, and the sustainability of resources for future generations.
Key Concepts (15)
Development
The process of improving the quality of all human lives, involving aspirations or desires about what we would like to do and how we would like to live, and working towards achieving these goals.
e.g. A landless rural labourer's development goal is more days of work and better wages, while a prosperous farmer's goal is higher support prices for crops.
Per Capita Income
The total income of a country divided by its total population. It is also called average income.
e.g. If a country's total income is Rs 10,00,000 and its population is 100, the per capita income is Rs 10,000.
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
The number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year.
e.g. In Kerala, out of 1000 children born, only 6 died before completing one year of age (IMR = 6), whereas in Haryana, 28 died (IMR = 28).
Literacy Rate
The proportion of literate population in the 7-and-above age group.
e.g. Kerala has a literacy rate of 94%, while Bihar has a literacy rate of 62%.
Net Attendance Ratio
The total number of children of age group 15-17 years attending school as a percentage of the total number of children in the same age group.
e.g. In Kerala, 94% of children aged 15-17 attend school, while in Bihar, only 69% do.
Life Expectancy at Birth
The average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.
e.g. Sri Lanka has a life expectancy of 77.5 years, while India has a life expectancy of 72 years.
Human Development Index (HDI)
A composite index published by the UNDP that ranks countries based on their educational levels (mean years of schooling), health status (life expectancy at birth), and per capita income (GNI per capita).
e.g. In the 2025 HDI report, Sri Lanka ranked 89th in the world, while India ranked 130th.
Gross National Income (GNI) Per Capita (PPP $)
The total income earned by a country's residents, including income from abroad, divided by its population, calculated in a way that every dollar buys the same amount of goods and services in any country (Purchasing Power Parity).
e.g. India's GNI per capita in 2023 was $9,047 (PPP $), while Sri Lanka's was $12,616.
Average Income
The total income of a country divided by its total population; also known as per capita income.
e.g. In Table 1.2, Country A and Country B both have an average income of Rs 10,000, but Country A has more equitable distribution.
National Development
A concept that involves thinking about what would be a fair and just path for all, considering whether an idea would benefit a large number of people or only a small group.
e.g. Different students in a class may have different answers to what India should do for development, reflecting conflicting notions.
Sustainability of Development
The idea that the present level of development must be maintained for future generations without overusing or exhausting natural resources.
e.g. Groundwater overuse in Punjab and Western U.P. threatens future water availability, showing unsustainable development.
Non-renewable Resources
Resources that have a fixed stock on earth which cannot be replenished and will get exhausted after a few years of use.
e.g. Crude oil is a non-renewable resource; at current extraction rates, world reserves will last only 47 years.
Renewable Resources
Resources that are replenished by nature, such as crops and plants, but can still be overused if consumption exceeds replenishment.
e.g. Groundwater is a renewable resource, but if we use more than what is replenished by rain, we overuse it.
Public Distribution System (PDS)
A government system that provides subsidized food and other essential goods to the poor, which functions well in some states like Kerala, improving health and nutritional status.
e.g. In Tamil Nadu, 90% of rural people used a ration shop, whereas in West Bengal only 35% did, indicating better PDS functioning in Tamil Nadu.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
A measure of body fat calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters, used to assess if a person is undernourished, normal, or overweight.
e.g. A 14-year-old girl with a BMI of 15.2 is considered undernourished.
How It Works
Comparing Countries or States Using Development Indicators
  1. Step 1: Identify the purpose of comparison (e.g., economic well-being, health, education).
  2. Step 2: Select one or more important characteristics (indicators) such as per capita income, literacy rate, or Infant Mortality Rate.
  3. Step 3: Collect data for each country or state on the selected indicators.
  4. Step 4: Compare the values of these indicators to determine which country or state is more developed in that aspect.
  5. Step 5: Recognize that different indicators may give different rankings (e.g., Haryana has higher per capita income than Kerala but higher IMR).
💡 Students often forget that average income hides disparities; two countries with the same average income can have very different distributions of wealth, as shown in the example of Country A and Country B.
Calculating and Using Average Income (Per Capita Income)
  1. Step 1: Calculate the total income of the country or state by summing the income of all residents.
  2. Step 2: Determine the total population of the country or state.
  3. Step 3: Divide the total income by the total population to get the average income (per capita income).
  4. Step 4: Use this average to compare countries or states, noting that higher average income generally indicates higher development.
  5. Step 5: Acknowledge the limitation: average income does not show how income is distributed among the population.
💡 The most common mistake is to assume that a higher average income means everyone is better off. The example of Country B (with one very rich person and four poor people) shows this is false.
Measuring Human Development (HDI)
  1. Step 1: Collect data on three key dimensions: health (life expectancy at birth), education (mean years of schooling for adults aged 25+), and standard of living (GNI per capita in PPP $).
  2. Step 2: Normalize each indicator to a scale between 0 and 1.
  3. Step 3: Calculate the HDI as the geometric mean of the three normalized indices.
  4. Step 4: Rank countries based on their HDI score (out of 193 countries in the 2025 report).
  5. Step 5: Use HDI to compare overall human development, not just economic income.
💡 Students often confuse HDI with just per capita income. HDI includes health and education, making it a more comprehensive measure than the World Bank's income-only criterion.
Understanding Sustainability of Development
  1. Step 1: Recognize that current levels of development may overuse natural resources (e.g., groundwater, crude oil).
  2. Step 2: Identify whether resources are renewable (e.g., groundwater) or non-renewable (e.g., crude oil).
  3. Step 3: Calculate the rate of consumption versus the rate of replenishment (for renewable) or the total stock (for non-renewable).
  4. Step 4: If consumption exceeds replenishment or if non-renewable stocks are being depleted rapidly, development is unsustainable.
  5. Step 5: Advocate for development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
💡 A key point: even renewable resources like groundwater can be overused if we consume more than nature replenishes. Students often think only non-renewable resources face exhaustion.
Exam Traps — Don't Make These Mistakes
⚠ Confusing 'Average Income' with 'Total Income'
✗ A country with a higher total income is more developed.
→ Total income does not account for population size. A country with a large population may have a high total income but a low average income per person.
✓ For comparing countries, we use average income (per capita income), which is total income divided by total population, because it tells us what an average person earns.
⚠ Assuming High Per Capita Income Means High Development in All Aspects
✗ Haryana is more developed than Kerala because its per capita income is higher.
→ Per capita income is only one indicator. Kerala has a much lower Infant Mortality Rate (6 vs 28), higher literacy rate (94% vs 82%), and better net attendance ratio, showing better health and education outcomes despite lower income.
✓ While Haryana has higher per capita income, Kerala has better human development indicators like lower IMR, higher literacy, and higher school attendance, showing that income alone is not a complete measure of development.
⚠ Thinking All People Have the Same Developmental Goals
✗ Development means the same thing for everyone — more income.
→ Different people have different and often conflicting goals. For example, a girl wants freedom and equality, while her brother may not like sharing household work. Industrialists want more dams for electricity, but tribals may be displaced and prefer small check dams.
✓ Different persons can have different developmental goals. What may be development for one (e.g., a dam for electricity) may be destructive for another (e.g., displacement of tribals).
⚠ Ignoring Non-Material Goals in Development
✗ Development is only about having more money or material goods.
→ People also seek non-material things like equal treatment, freedom, security, and respect. For example, a job with less pay but regular employment may be preferred over a high-paying job with no security.
✓ Development includes both material (income) and non-material goals (freedom, security, respect). The quality of life depends on both, and sometimes non-material goals are more important.
⚠ Misunderstanding Sustainability as Only About Non-Renewable Resources
✗ Sustainability is only about saving non-renewable resources like crude oil.
→ Sustainability also applies to renewable resources. For example, groundwater is renewable but is being overused in many parts of India, with 300 districts reporting a water level decline of over 4 metres in 20 years.
✓ Sustainability is about using both renewable and non-renewable resources responsibly. Even renewable resources like groundwater can be overused if consumption exceeds replenishment.
⚠ Confusing HDI with World Bank Classification
✗ The World Bank uses HDI to classify countries.
→ The World Bank uses only per capita income to classify countries (high income, low income, etc.), while the UNDP uses HDI, which includes income, health, and education.
✓ The World Bank classifies countries based on per capita income, whereas the UNDP's Human Development Index (HDI) uses per capita income, life expectancy, and mean years of schooling.
Compare & Contrast
Method of measuring development
World Bank Criterion for Development
UNDP's Human Development Index (HDI)
The World Bank uses only per capita income (average income) to classify countries as high-income, low-income, etc. The UNDP's HDI uses three indicators: per capita income (GNI per capita), health (life expectancy at birth), and education (mean years of schooling), providing a more comprehensive measure of human well-being.
What they reveal about a country's economic well-being
Average Income (Per Capita Income)
Distribution of Income
Average income gives the mean income per person but hides disparities. Distribution of income shows how income is spread among the population. For example, Country A and Country B in the text have the same average income of Rs 10,000, but Country A has equitable distribution (no rich or poor), while Country B has one extremely rich person and four poor people.
Exam Focus
Marks pattern: This chapter typically appears with 2-3 MCQs (1 mark each), 1-2 Short Answer questions (3 marks each) on comparing indicators or explaining limitations of income, and 1 Long Answer question (5 marks) on sustainability or comprehensive development. Total: approximately 10-12 marks.
Most asked: Different developmental goals of different people · Limitations of per capita income as a measure of development · Comparison of HDI vs World Bank criteria · Infant Mortality Rate, Literacy Rate, and Net Attendance Ratio as indicators · Sustainability of development (groundwater overuse, crude oil exhaustion)
Don't skip: Explain why per capita income is not a sufficient criterion for measuring development, with examples from Kerala and Haryana.; Differentiate between the World Bank and UNDP criteria for measuring development.; Discuss the importance of sustainability in development with examples of groundwater overuse and crude oil depletion.
One-Line Revision (read aloud before the exam)
  1. Development means different things to different people; what is development for one may be destructive for another.
  2. Per capita income is the total income of a country divided by its total population.
  3. Average income hides disparities; two countries with the same average income can have very different distributions of wealth.
  4. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is the number of children dying before age 1 per 1000 live births.
  5. Literacy Rate measures the proportion of literate population aged 7 and above.
  6. Net Attendance Ratio is the percentage of children aged 15-17 attending school.
  7. The World Bank classifies countries based only on per capita income.
  8. The UNDP's Human Development Index (HDI) uses income, life expectancy, and education.
  9. Kerala has lower per capita income than Haryana but better health and education indicators.
  10. Non-material goals like freedom, security, and respect are as important as income for development.
  11. Sustainability means using resources so that future generations can also meet their needs.
  12. Groundwater is a renewable resource but is being overused in many parts of India.
  13. Crude oil is a non-renewable resource; world reserves will last only about 47 years at current extraction rates.
  14. Public facilities like schools and health centres are often cheaper and more effective when provided collectively.
  15. Sri Lanka has a higher HDI rank than India despite being a smaller country.

MCQs — 10 Questions with Answers

Q1. A landless rural labourer in India aspires for more days of work, better wages, and quality education for their children. According to the chapter, what does this reveal about development?

  • A. Development means the same thing for all people regardless of their economic status
  • B. Different people have different developmental goals based on their immediate needs and aspirations ✓
  • C. Development is only about increasing income and nothing else
  • D. Rural labourers do not care about development

Answer: B — The chapter explicitly states that different persons seek different things based on what fulfils their aspirations; the labourer's goals reflect basic needs for survival and social equality, not universal goals.

Q2. Assertion (A): A prosperous farmer from Punjab and a farmer dependent on rain have conflicting developmental goals. Reason (R): Both farmers face different agricultural challenges and environmental uncertainties that shape their aspirations differently. Choose the correct option:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A ✓
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • C. A is true but R is false
  • D. A is false but R is true

Answer: A — The chapter demonstrates that prosperous farmers want high support prices and cheap labour, while rain-dependent farmers need assured irrigation; their different environmental and economic positions create genuinely conflicting goals.

Q3. Consider this scenario: A government plans to build a large dam to generate electricity for industrial development. However, this will displace tribal communities from the Narmada valley. Based on the chapter, why would tribals and industrialists view this dam differently?

  • A. Tribals are opposed to all forms of development
  • B. What constitutes development depends on whose interests are being served; industrialists see income growth while tribals see loss of land and livelihood ✓
  • C. Dams are always destructive and should never be built
  • D. Tribals lack the education to understand development

Answer: B — The chapter explicitly uses the Narmada dam example to show how development for one group (electricity and industry) may be destructive for another (tribal displacement), demonstrating that development is perspective-dependent.

Q4. A girl from a rich urban family seeks freedom to decide her own future and pursue studies abroad, while her parents expect her to follow family traditions. What does the chapter suggest about this situation?

  • A. The girl's aspirations are unrealistic for her social class
  • B. Two persons or groups can seek conflicting things, and what is development for one may not be development for the other ✓
  • C. Parents always know what is best for their children's development
  • D. Freedom and education cannot both be aspects of development

Answer: B — The chapter directly addresses gender-based developmental conflicts, noting that a girl's desire for freedom and her brother's expectations may clash, illustrating that development goals can be conflicting even within families.

Q5. Assertion (A): Income is the most common method for measuring a country's development. Reason (R): Higher income automatically guarantees better quality of life for all citizens. Choose the correct option:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • C. A is true but R is false ✓
  • D. A is false but R is true

Answer: C — The chapter states income is the most common method (A is true), but the notes explicitly mention that this method 'has several weaknesses' and quality-of-life indicators are needed (R is false).

Q6. Extract: 'Development involves thinking about these questions and about the ways in which we can work towards achieving these goals. This is a complex task... it is only through a democratic political process that these hopes and possibilities can be achieved in real life.' What does this extract suggest about achieving development?

  • A. Development is purely an economic concept
  • B. Development requires both individual aspirations and democratic political processes to be realized ✓
  • C. Only economists can decide what development should be
  • D. Development happens automatically without any planning

Answer: B — The extract explicitly links development goals to democratic processes, suggesting that achieving development requires both conceptual understanding and political participation, not just economic measures.

Q7. Assertion (A): Urban unemployed youth and prosperous farmers seek similar developmental outcomes. Reason (R): Both groups operate within the same national economy, yet their developmental priorities diverge—urban youth seek employment while prosperous farmers seek high crop prices and better irrigation support. Choose the correct option:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • C. A is true but R is false
  • D. A is false but R is true ✓

Answer: D — Assertion A is false—Table 1.1 in the chapter shows these groups have starkly different goals. Reason R is true—it correctly identifies that they share the same national economic system but have different priorities, which is why their developmental outcomes differ.

Q8. Extract from Table 1.1: An Adivasi from Narmada valley's developmental goal includes protection of their land and livelihood rights. Why is this different from an industrialist's goal to build dams for electricity?

  • A. Adivasis are not interested in development
  • B. Electricity generation is more important than individual livelihoods
  • C. Development for an Adivasi means preserving resources and autonomy, while for an industrialist it means economic growth through resource extraction ✓
  • D. There is no difference; both want progress

Answer: C — The chapter demonstrates through the Narmada example that different social groups prioritize different aspects of development based on their position and needs; land preservation vs. industrial growth represent fundamentally different development models.

Q9. A landless labourer, a farmer, and a factory owner all seek 'more income.' Based on the chapter, what is true about this common aspiration?

  • A. It proves that development is purely economic
  • B. It is one common element, but each person's path to better income and their other developmental goals differ significantly ✓
  • C. It means all three groups have identical interests in the economic system
  • D. Income is the only aspect of development that matters

Answer: B — While the chapter notes that better income is one common aspiration, it emphasizes that people desire other things too (education, freedom, stability) and their paths to income differ, so this shared goal does not make their development identical.

Q10. Assertion (A): The chapter suggests that quality of life indicators like literacy rate and life expectancy are unnecessary for measuring development. Reason (R): The notes for teachers mention that terms like Literacy Rate, Infant Mortality Rate, and Life Expectancy require clarification as aids to discussion. Choose the correct option:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • C. A is true but R is false
  • D. A is false but R is true ✓

Answer: D — A is false because the text states newer ways using quality-of-life indicators are needed; R is true because these terms are discussed, but they support the need for these indicators rather than dismissing them.

Flashcards

What is the main idea of development according to CBSE Chapter 1?

Development means working towards fulfilling people's diverse aspirations and creating conditions where life can be better for all through income, equality, freedom, and security.

Why do different people have different developmental goals?

Different people seek things most important to them based on their current situation—landless labourers want jobs, farmers want crop prices, girls want freedom—so development means different things to different groups.

Define Per Capita Income.

Per Capita Income is the average income of all people in a country, calculated by dividing total national income by total population.

What is the main weakness of using income alone to measure development?

Income-based measurement ignores non-material factors like freedom, equality, respect, security, and quality of life that are equally important for human well-being.

What is Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)?

Purchasing Power Parity is a method of calculating income that adjusts for differences in prices and cost of living between countries to allow fair comparison.

Name three development indicators besides income mentioned in the chapter.

Literacy Rate (% of literate population), Infant Mortality Rate (deaths per 1000 live births), and Life Expectancy (average years a person is expected to live).

Give one example of conflicting developmental goals from the chapter.

Industrialists want more dams for electricity but this submerges tribal land and displaces people, so what is development for industry is destructive for tribals.

What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?

The Human Development Index is a broader measure of development that combines income, literacy, health, and life expectancy instead of relying on income alone.

What non-material things do people value in development besides money?

People value equal treatment, freedom, security, respect from others, and absence of discrimination alongside material income and consumption.

Which organizations publish development indicators data used in CBSE textbooks?

The Government of India, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and World Bank publish development reports and indicators.

Important Board Questions

Define development. Is income the only indicator of development? Give one reason to support your answer. [2 marks]

State that development means fulfilling people's diverse aspirations for better life. Then explain that income alone is insufficient because non-material factors like freedom, equality, respect, and security are equally important for quality of life.

Explain with an example how different groups of people may have conflicting developmental goals. What does this tell us about the nature of development? [3 marks]

Use the Sardar Sarovar Dam example: industrialists want dams for electricity (development) but tribals resist because it displaces them (destruction). Or use the girl-brother example showing gender conflicts. Conclude that development is not one-size-fits-all; it must consider diverse and sometimes competing needs of different groups.

The chapter introduces several development indicators like Per Capita Income, Literacy Rate, Infant Mortality Rate, and Human Development Index. Why is the HDI considered a better measure of development than Per Capita Income alone? Discuss with reference to quality of life. [5 marks]

Explain that Per Capita Income measures only average wealth but ignores non-material needs. HDI combines income with literacy (education), health indicators (infant mortality, life expectancy), and reflects real quality of life. Show that income cannot buy freedom, respect, or security. Use examples: a rich person without freedom or a literate poor person—both need multiple indicators to show true development. Conclude that HDI captures human well-being better than money alone.

Assertion-Reason Questions for Development

Q1. Assertion (A):

Development includes both material and non-material goals such as freedom, equality, and respect.

Reason (R):

People desire income and material goods, but the quality of life also depends on non-material things, and in some cases these non-material goals may be more important than more income.

Answer: A — Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A — Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains why development is multifaceted. The chapter explicitly states that quality of life depends on non-material factors, supporting the assertion that development is not solely about material gains.

Q2. Assertion (A):

The developmental goals of industrialists and tribals regarding dam construction are aligned and mutually beneficial.

Reason (R):

Industrialists may want more dams for electricity, while tribals prefer small check dams or tanks to irrigate their land.

Answer: D — A is false but R is true — The assertion is false because the chapter clearly shows these goals are conflicting, not aligned. The reason is also problematic as it only describes different preferences without explaining why they might be mutually beneficial. The chapter makes clear that raising dams would 'submerge the land and disrupt the lives' of tribals.

Q3. Assertion (A):

Income is the only valid method for measuring economic development.

Reason (R):

The income method has several weaknesses, and we need newer ways of looking at development using indicators of quality of life and environmental sustainability.

Answer: C — A is true but R is false — The assertion is true only in part (income is a common method) but overall false (it's not the only valid method). The reason is true and actually contradicts the assertion, showing that income alone is insufficient. The chapter explicitly states that the income method has weaknesses and newer approaches are needed.

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Case-Based Questions (CBQ) for Development

Case Study:

In a village in Maharashtra, a group of landless agricultural laborers, prosperous farmers, and a local Adivasi community have different visions for their region's future. The landless laborers seek more days of work and fair wages along with quality education for their children without discrimination. The prosperous farmers want higher support prices for their crops and the opportunity to settle their children abroad. The Adivasi community wants secure land rights, protection of their forest resources, and preservation of their traditional livelihood practices. A government project proposes to build a large irrigation dam that would benefit the farmers by ensuring water supply, but would submerge forest areas where the Adivasi community collects forest products and lives.

Q1. What does this case illustrate about developmental goals in the village?

  • A. All groups in the village have identical developmental goals
  • B. Different groups have conflicting developmental goals, and development for one group may harm another ✓
  • C. Only prosperous farmers are interested in development
  • D. Development cannot occur in villages with multiple communities

Answer: B

Q2. Which of the following is a non-material developmental goal mentioned in this case?

  • A. Higher support prices for crops
  • B. More days of work
  • C. Freedom from social discrimination ✓
  • D. Settlement of children abroad

Answer: C

Q3. How does the proposed dam project demonstrate conflicting development perspectives?

  • A. It benefits all groups equally
  • B. It benefits farmers through water supply but harms the Adivasi community by submerging their forest resources ✓
  • C. It only affects the government's development plans
  • D. It has no impact on any group's developmental aspirations

Answer: B

Q4. According to the chapter's framework, what should be the ideal approach to this developmental conflict?

  • A. Recognize that development is multifaceted, listen to different perspectives, and find solutions that address the aspirations of all groups ✓
  • B. Ignore the concerns of minority groups and proceed with the dam
  • C. Prevent all development projects to avoid conflict
  • D. Only wealthy farmers should decide on development projects

Answer: A

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Previous Year Questions (PYQ) for Development

Real CBSE board exam questions from past papers — free to attempt.

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/4/1 · 1 mark

Study the given data carefully and answer the question that follows: Country (Monthly income of citizens in `): I II III IV V AY; A: 9,500 10,500 9,800 1,000 10,200 _; B: 500 500 500 500 4,800 _. Identify the average monthly income of citizens in 'country A'.

  • 8,200
  • 9,000
  • 1,000
  • 9,020

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/4/1 · 1 mark

Which of the following reports compare countries using health, education and per capita income?

  • Human Development Report
  • Global Trade Report
  • World Development Report
  • Economic Survey Report

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/4/1 · 1 mark

Choose the correct option to fill in the blank: Net attendance ratio is expressed as a ________ of total children in the age group of 6 – 10 years attending school.

  • Ratio
  • Percentage
  • Fraction
  • Index

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/4/1 · 3 marks

Analyse the issues that necessitate sustainable development for the future.

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/4/2 · 1 mark

Study the given data carefully and answer the question that follows: Country A has monthly income of citizens in rupees: 9,500, 10,500, 9,800, 1,000, 10,200. Identify the average monthly income of citizens in country A.

  • 8,200
  • 9,000
  • 1,000
  • 9,020

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/4/3 · 1 mark

Study the given data carefully and answer the question that follows: Country Monthly income of citizens in ` (I II III IV V AY): A 9,500 10,500 9,800 1,000 10,200 | B 500 500 500 500 4,800. Identify the average monthly income of citizens in country A.

  • 8,200
  • 9,000
  • 1,000
  • 9,020

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/5/1 · 1 mark

Study the given data and answer the question that follow: Comparative Data of few States with Infant Mortality Rate (2020), Literacy Rate (2017-18), and Net Attendance Rate (Class 1 to 5). By how many of the following points does State B's literacy rate exceeds from State A in 2017-18?

  • 12
  • 10
  • 16
  • 14

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/5/1 · 1 mark

Choose the correct option to fill in the blank: Infant Mortality Rate indicates the number of children that die before the age of _____ year(s) per 1000 live births in that particular year.

  • One
  • Two
  • Three
  • Four

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/5/1 · 3 marks

Different persons can have different developmental goals. Explain the statement with examples.

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/5/2 · 1 mark

Study the given data and answer the question that follow: By how many of the following points does State B's literacy rate exceeds from State A in 2017-18?

  • 12
  • 10
  • 16
  • 14

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/5/3 · 1 mark

Study the given data and answer the question that follow: Comparative Data of few States. By how many of the following points does State B's literacy rate exceeds from State A in 2017-18?

  • 12
  • 10
  • 16
  • 14

CBSE 2025 · Set 31/1/1 · 1 mark

World and answer the questions given below: S. No. Country - HDI Rank in the world 1. India - 130 2. Myanmar - 148 3. Nepal - 149 4. Pakistan - 150 Amongst the given countries, which one of the following countries has the [HDI rank]?

  • Pakistan
  • India
  • Nepal
  • Myanmar

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Class 10 Social Science Previous Year Questions, Chapter-wise

All 805 CBSE board questions from 2022–2026, sorted by chapter and question type. Free PDF download.

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