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Madam Rides the Bus

NCERT Class 10 · English Based on NCERT Class 10 English textbook · Free CBSE study kit

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Chapter Notes

Overview
This chapter tells the story of an eight-year-old girl named Valliammai (Valli) who, driven by intense curiosity and a desire for independence, plans and executes her first bus journey from her village to the nearby town. The narrative explores her excitement, her interactions with the bus conductor and passengers, and her profound encounter with the reality of death when she sees a dead cow on her return journey. The one big idea a student must walk away with is the gap between knowing about death and truly understanding it, and how a child's innocent adventure leads to a deeper, sobering awareness of life's mysteries.
Key Concepts (18)
wistfully
In a way that shows longing or yearning for something.
e.g. Valli would stare wistfully at the people who got on or off the bus, longing to join them.
kindle
To set alight (a fire); here, to arouse or stir up feelings, longings, dreams, and hopes.
e.g. The faces of the passengers would kindle in Valli longings, dreams, and hopes.
a slang expression
Informal words or phrases, often used within a close group, not considered standard in formal language.
e.g. Valli and her friends used the word 'Proud!' as a slang expression of disapproval, without fully understanding its meaning.
discreet questions
Careful, tactful questions asked to avoid drawing attention or causing offense.
e.g. Valli asked a few discreet questions here and there to gather details about the bus journey.
slack time
A period when there is not much work or activity; a quiet time.
e.g. The conductor noted it was the slack time of day, as there were only six or seven passengers on the bus.
haughtily
In a proud, arrogant, or superior manner.
e.g. Valli said haughtily, 'There's nobody here who's a child. I've paid my thirty paise like everyone else.'
mimicking
Copying someone's speech, mannerisms, or tone, often to be humorous or mocking.
e.g. The conductor said, 'I'll remember,' mimicking Valli's tone, which made everyone laugh.
repulsive
Causing a strong feeling of dislike or disgust.
e.g. Valli found the elderly woman absolutely repulsive because of her large earring holes and the betel juice threatening to spill from her lips.
curtly
In a manner that is rudely brief and shows displeasure.
e.g. Valli answered curtly, 'Yes, I'm travelling alone. And I've got a ticket too.'
drivel
Silly, meaningless, or nonsensical talk.
e.g. The old woman went on with her drivel, asking Valli personal questions about her destination.
thriftily
In a way that shows careful management of money, especially by saving and avoiding waste.
e.g. Valli thriftily saved whatever stray coins came her way, resisting temptations to buy treats.
resolutely stifled
Suppressed or controlled with firm determination.
e.g. Valli resolutely stifled a strong desire to ride the merry-go-round at the village fair, even though she had the money.
ventured out
Went out cautiously or courageously, especially into an unfamiliar or risky situation.
e.g. Valli sometimes ventured out into the village during her mother's afternoon nap.
thoroughfare
A busy public road or street, often used for through traffic.
e.g. The bus turned and entered a wider thoroughfare with big, bright-looking shops.
merchandise
Goods or items for sale in shops.
e.g. Valli saw glittering displays of clothes and other merchandise in the shops.
spreadeagled
Lying with arms and legs spread out widely.
e.g. The dead cow lay by the roadside, legs spreadeagled, with a fixed stare in its lifeless eyes.
haunted
Returned repeatedly to one's mind; impossible to forget; troubled persistently.
e.g. The memory of the dead cow haunted Valli, dampening her enthusiasm for the return journey.
pokes her nose
To take an interest in something that does not concern one; to be nosy or intrusive.
e.g. Valli's aunt said, 'Just a chit of a girl, she is, and yet look how she pokes her nose into our conversation.'
How It Works
Valli's Planning and Preparation for the Bus Journey
  1. Step 1: Valli developed an overwhelming desire to ride the bus after watching it pass through her street daily.
  2. Step 2: She gathered information by listening to conversations between neighbours and regular bus passengers, and by asking discreet questions.
  3. Step 3: She learned the fare was thirty paise one way, the town was six miles away, and the journey took forty-five minutes.
  4. Step 4: She calculated that by paying another thirty paise, she could return on the same bus, making the total cost sixty paise.
  5. Step 5: She saved money thriftily by collecting stray coins and resisting temptations like peppermints, toys, and the merry-go-round.
  6. Step 6: She planned to slip out of the house during her mother's afternoon nap (from about one to four o'clock) to execute her plan.
💡 Students often forget that Valli's planning was meticulous and required both financial saving and careful timing to avoid her mother's knowledge.
Valli's Experience of the Bus Ride (Outward Journey)
  1. Step 1: Valli stopped the bus by shouting and raising her hand commandingly, then boarded independently, refusing the conductor's help.
  2. Step 2: She sat in an empty seat, but stood up on the seat to see over the canvas blind covering the lower part of the window.
  3. Step 3: She observed the scenery: a canal, palm trees, grassland, mountains, blue sky, and green fields.
  4. Step 4: She interacted with the conductor (who called her 'madam' jokingly) and with passengers, asserting her independence and paying for her ticket.
  5. Step 5: She enjoyed the sights, including a young cow running in front of the bus, which made her laugh uncontrollably.
  6. Step 6: The bus passed a railroad crossing, a train station, and a busy shopping street before reaching the town.
💡 Students often miss that Valli's standing on the seat was necessary because the canvas blind blocked her view, and this action led to her being scolded by an elderly man.
Valli's Return Journey and Encounter with Death
  1. Step 1: Valli did not get off the bus in town; she paid another thirty paise for the return journey.
  2. Step 2: On the way back, she saw the same young cow that had run in front of the bus earlier, now lying dead by the roadside.
  3. Step 3: She asked the conductor if it was the same cow, and he nodded.
  4. Step 4: She was overcome with sadness and the memory of the dead cow haunted her, dampening her enthusiasm.
  5. Step 5: She no longer wanted to look out of the window and sat glued to her seat until the bus reached her village.
  6. Step 6: She returned home, where her mother and aunt were talking, and she smiled to herself without revealing her experience.
💡 The key point is the contrast between Valli's joyful outward journey and her sobering return journey, highlighting the theme of encountering death and the loss of innocence.
Exam Traps — Don't Make These Mistakes
⚠ Confusing Valli's age or maturity level
✗ Valli was a mature and grown-up girl who understood everything about life and death.
→ Valli is only eight years old. While she is independent and curious, she does not fully understand death. The story explicitly shows the gap between knowing about death and understanding it. Her reaction to the dead cow shows her confusion and sadness, not mature comprehension.
✓ Valli is an eight-year-old girl who is curious, independent, and determined, but her encounter with the dead cow reveals her limited understanding of death. She experiences the gap between knowing that death exists and truly understanding its finality.
⚠ Misinterpreting why Valli didn't get off the bus in town
✗ Valli didn't get off the bus because she was afraid of getting lost or because she didn't have enough money for a drink.
→ While Valli does say she would be 'much too afraid' to look at the sights alone, the primary reason she didn't get off is that her sole purpose was to have a bus ride. She explicitly says, 'I just felt like having a bus ride, that's all.' The fear and lack of money for a drink are secondary reasons.
✓ Valli did not get off the bus because her only goal was to experience the bus ride itself. She had planned to return on the same bus and had no intention of exploring the town alone, as she admitted she would be 'much too afraid' to do so.
⚠ Thinking Valli was rude to everyone without reason
✗ Valli was a rude and arrogant girl who disrespected all adults.
→ Valli's curt and haughty responses are a defense mechanism to assert her independence and to be treated as an adult, not as a child. She is polite to the conductor at the end ('Well, sir, I hope to see you again') and only reacts sharply when people treat her like a child or when she finds someone repulsive (like the elderly woman).
✓ Valli's behaviour is a mix of assertiveness and shyness. She speaks haughtily to those who treat her as a child because she wants to be seen as independent, but she is also overcome with shyness initially. She is not inherently rude; she is a child trying to navigate an adult world on her own terms.
⚠ Forgetting the significance of the dead cow scene
✗ The dead cow scene is just a sad event that made Valli cry.
→ The dead cow scene is the central turning point of the story. It represents Valli's first direct encounter with death and the loss of innocence. The cow was a source of joy and laughter on the outward journey, but its sudden death forces Valli to confront the harsh reality of mortality. This experience 'haunts' her and dampens her enthusiasm, showing the gap between knowing about death and understanding it.
✓ The dead cow scene is crucial as it symbolizes Valli's induction into the mystery of life and death. The joyful, living cow she laughed at earlier is now a lifeless, horrifying sight. This experience deeply affects her, marking the end of her carefree innocence and forcing her to grapple with the finality of death.
⚠ Misunderstanding the conductor's role
✗ The conductor was mocking and rude to Valli.
→ The conductor is described as 'a jolly sort, fond of joking.' His calling Valli 'madam' is affectionate and teasing, not mocking. He is helpful (offering a seat, helping her board, offering a cold drink) and concerned for her safety. He treats her with good-natured humour and respect.
✓ The conductor is a friendly, jolly character who teases Valli affectionately by calling her 'madam.' He is helpful and concerned for her well-being, offering her a seat, warning her about standing, and even offering to buy her a drink. His interactions with Valli are light-hearted and supportive.
Compare & Contrast
Emotional tone and Valli's state of mind
Valli's outward journey
Valli's return journey
The outward journey is filled with excitement, joy, and wonder as Valli experiences new sights and asserts her independence. The return journey is marked by sadness, reflection, and a dampened enthusiasm after she sees the dead cow, leading to a loss of innocence and a confrontation with the reality of death.
Level of comprehension and emotional impact
Knowing about death
Understanding death
Knowing about death is an intellectual awareness that death exists. Understanding death involves a deep, emotional, and personal realization of its finality and the loss it brings. Valli knew people died, but seeing the dead cow made her truly understand the horror and permanence of death for the first time.
Exam Focus
Marks pattern: Typically, this chapter appears with 2-3 MCQs (1 mark each), 1-2 Short Answer questions (2-3 marks each) focusing on character and theme, and 1 Long Answer question (5 marks) requiring a detailed analysis of Valli's journey or the theme of death. Total: approximately 10-12 marks.
Most asked: Valli's character traits (independence, curiosity, determination) · The theme of the gap between knowing and understanding death · Valli's planning and preparation for the bus journey · The significance of the dead cow scene · The conductor's role and his relationship with Valli
Don't skip: Long answer question on the theme of 'the gap between knowing and understanding death' with reference to Valli's experience.; Character sketch of Valli, highlighting her traits with textual evidence.; Question comparing Valli's outward and return journey, focusing on her change in mood.
One-Line Revision (read aloud before the exam)
  1. Valli is an eight-year-old girl whose favourite pastime is watching the street from her front doorway.
  2. The most fascinating thing for Valli was the bus that travelled between her village and the nearest town.
  3. Valli's strongest desire was to ride on the bus, even if just once.
  4. She gathered details about the bus journey by listening to conversations and asking discreet questions.
  5. The fare for the bus was thirty paise one way, and the journey took forty-five minutes.
  6. Valli saved sixty paise by thriftily collecting stray coins and resisting temptations.
  7. She planned to take the one-o'clock afternoon bus and return by about two forty-five.
  8. The conductor jokingly called Valli 'madam' because of her grown-up, independent attitude.
  9. Valli stood on her seat to see over the canvas blind that covered the lower part of the window.
  10. On her return journey, Valli saw the same young cow that had made her laugh, now lying dead by the roadside.
  11. The memory of the dead cow haunted Valli and dampened her enthusiasm for the return journey.
  12. The story highlights the gap between knowing that there is death and truly understanding it.
  13. Valli's first bus journey is both an adventure and an induction into the mystery of life and death.
  14. Valli refused the conductor's offer of a cold drink because she did not have enough money and was firm in her independence.
  15. At the end of the story, Valli smiles to herself, keeping her experience a secret from her mother and aunt.

MCQs — 10 Questions with Answers

Q1. What does Valli's standing at her doorway reveal about her character?

  • A. She is lazy and has nothing better to do
  • B. She is curious and observant despite having no playmates ✓
  • C. She is waiting for someone from the town
  • D. She wants to avoid doing household chores

Answer: B — The text explicitly states that standing at the doorway gave her many unusual experiences and was enjoyable despite having no playmates, showing her curious nature.

Q2. Which sentence best explains why Valli's desire to ride the bus became 'overwhelming'?

  • A. The bus was expensive and difficult to access
  • B. She watched the bus daily for months and gradually built up the wish until it became a burning desire ✓
  • C. Her friends forced her to go on the bus
  • D. She overheard adults saying negative things about the bus journey

Answer: B — The text states 'Day after day she watched the bus, and gradually a tiny wish crept into her head and grew there,' showing how repetition intensified her desire.

Q3. What does Valli mean when she says 'Proud! proud!' to her friends?

  • A. She is proud of her friends
  • B. She uses it as slang for disapproval because they rode the bus and she couldn't ✓
  • C. She is teaching them English words
  • D. She is proud of the bus service

Answer: B — The text clearly states they used this word 'as a slang expression of disapproval,' and Valli shouted it out of jealousy when friends described the bus experience.

Q4. How did Valli gather information about the bus fare and journey time?

  • A. She asked the conductor directly before boarding
  • B. She read a notice board at the bus stop
  • C. She listened to conversations and asked discreet questions to neighbours and regular passengers ✓
  • D. She found a pamphlet about bus travel

Answer: C — The text states 'Valli listened carefully to conversations between her neighbours and people who regularly used the bus, and she also asked a few discreet questions.'

Q5. What is the significance of Valli saying 'I can get on by myself'?

  • A. She is angry with the conductor
  • B. She wants to demonstrate independence and maturity ✓
  • C. She is afraid of the conductor
  • D. She doesn't know how to accept help politely

Answer: B — By refusing the conductor's help, Valli is asserting her independence and trying to prove she is capable and mature, not a helpless child.

Q6. Why did Valli stand on the seat despite being warned by the elderly man?

  • A. She wanted to get a better view of the scenery outside ✓
  • B. She was being deliberately rude to the elderly man
  • C. She didn't understand the danger of standing
  • D. She was trying to get the conductor's attention

Answer: A — The text explains that a canvas blind covered the lower part of her window, so she stood up to peer over it and see the outside scenery.

Q7. What does the conductor's behaviour reveal about his character?

  • A. He is rude and dismissive of children
  • B. He is jolly, fond of joking, and treats Valli with good-natured teasing ✓
  • C. He is strict and doesn't allow children on the bus
  • D. He is angry with Valli for stopping the bus

Answer: B — The text describes him as 'jolly sort, fond of joking' and he teases Valli in a lighthearted way, calling her 'madam' and mimicking her tone playfully.

Q8. What can be inferred about Valli's life before the bus journey?

  • A. She had travelled extensively in her village
  • B. She was isolated, with limited experiences and no peers to play with ✓
  • C. She was wealthy and could afford many luxuries
  • D. She regularly went to town for shopping

Answer: B — The text states she had no playmates her age, stood at her doorway because that was 'about all she had to do,' and scarcely saw money from month to month.

Q9. Why does Valli react negatively to the elderly woman sitting beside her?

  • A. She is tired from the bus journey
  • B. The woman is trying to control her behavior
  • C. She finds the woman's appearance and smell repulsive ✓
  • D. The woman is sitting in her reserved seat

Answer: C — The text explicitly states Valli found the woman 'absolutely repulsive' and describes her disgust at the woman's 'big holes in ear lobes, ugly earrings,' and smell of betel nut.

Q10. What is the author's purpose in showing Valli's determination to ride the bus alone?

  • A. To criticize parents for not taking children on bus rides
  • B. To show how a child's curiosity and determination can overcome obstacles and lead to personal growth ✓
  • C. To prove that eight-year-old children are capable of independence
  • D. To describe the features of a new bus

Answer: B — The story demonstrates how Valli's observation, planning, and determination help her achieve her goal, illustrating the power of curiosity and willpower in achieving desires.

Flashcards

Who is Valli and what was her favourite pastime?

Valli is an eight-year-old curious girl who loved standing at her doorway watching the street because she had no playmates her own age.

What was the source of unending joy for Valli?

The bus travelling between her village and the nearest town, which passed through her street once every hour in each direction.

How much was the bus fare and how long was the journey?

The fare was thirty paise one way and the trip to town took forty-five minutes, making a round trip possible within budget.

Why did Valli want to go on the bus journey alone?

She had developed an overwhelming desire to ride the bus after months of watching it pass by and carefully planning her journey from saved money.

How did Valli gather information about the bus journey?

She listened carefully to conversations between neighbours and people who used the bus regularly, and asked discreet questions to learn details.

What does 'wistfully' mean in the context of Valli watching the bus?

It means she watched with a longing or yearning desire, her face showing how badly she wanted to experience the bus journey herself.

Why did Valli refuse help from the conductor when boarding?

She wanted to prove her independence and show that she was capable of managing on her own, refusing to be treated as a helpless child.

Why did Valli stand on the seat despite being told to sit?

She wanted to see outside the window clearly but the canvas blind blocked her view, so she had to stand to peer over it.

What was Valli's reaction when an elderly woman sat beside her?

Valli found the elderly woman repulsive due to her large ear holes and ugly earrings, and disapproved of her appearance and smell.

What does the title 'Madam Rides the Bus' suggest about the story?

It ironically refers to how the conductor and other passengers call Valli 'madam', highlighting her attempt to be treated as a grown-up woman.

Important Board Questions

Why was the bus such a source of fascination for Valli? What did it represent for her? [2 marks]

Focus on: Valli's isolated life with no playmates, the bus as a symbol of the outside world beyond her village, and how watching it daily kindled her desire for adventure and independence.

How did Valli's character change from the beginning to when she boarded the bus? Give two examples from the text to support your answer. [3 marks]

Show her transformation from passive observer to active participant; cite examples: (1) careful planning and saving money despite being poor, (2) assertive behaviour on the bus—refusing help, demanding respect, standing up to adults—proving her independence and maturity.

Valli's journey on the bus is her 'induction into the mystery of life and death.' Discuss how this first journey outside her village prepares her for understanding the world. What new experiences and encounters does she have? What does this suggest about growing up? [5 marks]

Analyze: (1) her exposure to strangers and social interactions (conductor, elderly man, woman)—learning to navigate human relationships; (2) visual experiences of nature and landscape outside her village—expanding worldly knowledge; (3) her assertiveness and refusal to be treated as helpless—gaining confidence and self-awareness; (4) encounters with unfamiliar people's appearances and behaviour—preparing her for life's diversity and differences; (5) overall theme: growing up requires stepping beyond safety of home, facing discomfort, and engaging with reality.

Assertion-Reason Questions for Madam Rides the Bus

Q1. Assertion (A):

Valli stood on the bus seat despite the conductor's warning because she was reckless and did not care about safety.

Reason (R):

Valli was determined to see the views from the bus window, which had been the focus of her desires for months, and the canvas blind prevented her from fulfilling this long-awaited dream.

Answer: D — A is false but R is true — The assertion suggests recklessness, which is too harsh. The reason correctly explains her motivation—not recklessness but determination to experience what she had yearned for. The assertion mischaracterizes her action as uncaring about safety when it was actually driven by her passionate desire to see the landscape. The reason is true and provides the correct explanation, but the assertion is false.

Q2. Assertion (A):

Valli's rejection of help from the conductor when boarding the bus demonstrates her independence and desire to be treated as a mature person.

Reason (R):

Throughout the journey, Valli consistently corrected people who treated her as a child, saying she had paid her fare and demanding her ticket, showing she wanted adult treatment.

Answer: A — Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A — Both the assertion and reason are true. Her actions—refusing help, insisting she is not a child, pointing out she paid like everyone else—all demonstrate a clear pattern of asserting independence and maturity. The reason provides specific examples that directly support and explain the assertion. This is the most accurate interpretation of Valli's character development.

Q3. Assertion (A):

The conductor called Valli 'madam' because he thought she was actually an adult woman traveling alone.

Reason (R):

The conductor was joking and teasing Valli in a friendly, humorous way, which the text describes as typical of his jolly, joking nature.

Answer: B — Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A — Both statements are true, but the reason does not explain the assertion. The conductor called her 'madam' precisely because he was joking—he knew full well she was a child, and that's what made his teasing funny. His intention was humor, not a genuine mistake about her age. The reason explains his character but not why he used that specific word. They are related but not causally connected.

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Case-Based Questions (CBQ) for Madam Rides the Bus

Case Study:

Meera, a 9-year-old girl from a small village, has been saving money for three months to take a bus ride to the nearby city. She has saved 85 rupees by doing small chores. The bus fare is 30 rupees one way, and the journey takes 40 minutes. The city is 8 kilometers away. Meera has planned to leave on Saturday at 2 PM, spend 2 hours exploring the city market, and return on the 4:30 PM bus. She is nervous about traveling alone but excited about seeing the city. Her mother is worried about her safety, but Meera is determined to make this journey independently to prove she is responsible.

Q1. How much total money does Meera need for a round trip (both ways) on the bus?

  • A. 30 rupees
  • B. 60 rupees ✓
  • C. 85 rupees
  • D. 90 rupees

Answer: B

Q2. If Meera leaves at 2 PM and the journey takes 40 minutes, what time will she arrive in the city?

  • A. 2:30 PM
  • B. 2:40 PM ✓
  • C. 3:00 PM
  • D. 3:15 PM

Answer: B

Q3. What is Meera's main motivation for taking this bus journey alone, similar to Valli's motivation?

  • A. To prove her independence and responsibility, and to experience the world beyond her village ✓
  • B. To spend time away from her family
  • C. To earn money in the city
  • D. To visit relatives in the city

Answer: A

Q4. Which of the following statements best compares Meera's situation to Valli's?

  • A. Both girls have their parents' permission before traveling
  • B. Both girls are afraid of the bus conductor
  • C. Both girls are traveling for exactly the same reasons and destinations
  • D. Both girls are making their first independent journey and have planned meticulously, showing determination to experience life beyond their villages ✓

Answer: D

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Previous Year Questions (PYQ) for Madam Rides the Bus

Real CBSE board exam questions from past papers — free to attempt.

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/1/1 · 5 marks

It was a new bus, its outside painted a gleaming white with some green stripes along the sides. Inside, the overhead bars shone like silver. Directly in front of Valli, above the windshield, there was a beautiful clock. The seats were soft and luxurious. Valli devoured everything with her eyes. But when she started to look outside, she found her view cut off by a canvas blind that covered the lower part of her window. So she stood up on the seat and peered over the blind.

(i) The effect on Valli as she describes the bus reveals that she is _________. Choose the most suitable option.

  • awed
  • scared
  • disgusted
  • repulsed

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/2/1 · 1 mark

It was a new bus, its outside painted a gleaming white with some green stripes along the sides. Inside, the overhead bars shone like silver. Directly in front of Valli, above the windshield, there was a beautiful clock. The seats were soft and luxurious. Valli devoured everything with her eyes.

The effect on Valli as she describes the bus reveals that she is _________. Choose the most suitable option.

  • awed
  • scared
  • disgusted
  • repulsed

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/3/1 · 3 marks

Valli made careful and painstaking plans for her first bus journey. What were her plans?

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/1/1 · 3 marks

In 'Madam Rides the Bus', how does the contrast between Valli's boldness and her emotional response to the dead cow shape your view of her maturity?

CBSE 2026 · Set 31/2/1 · 3 marks

What sacrifices did Valli have to make in order to save enough money for fulfilling her long-cherished desire and how do these sacrifices reflect her strong will power?

CBSE 2025 · Set 31/1/1 · 6 marks

Amanda and Valli both represent a longing for freedom. Examine the above observation with reference to the two texts.

CBSE 2025 · Set 31/2/1 · 3 marks

Valli found joy and fascination in the simple act of watching the bus pass through her village. What does this reveal about her perspective on life and her surroundings?

CBSE 2025 · Set 31/2/2 · 3 marks

How did Valli manage to gather information about the bus ride she was planning?

CBSE 2025 · Set 31/2/3 · 3 marks

Saving money for the bus journey was not easy for Valli. Explain.

CBSE 2025 · Set 31/3/1 · 3 marks

How does Valli's desire to ride the bus reflect her aspirations and challenges in context of her daily life?

CBSE 2025 · Set 31/3/2 · 3 marks

Valli did not board the bus impulsively. Justify.

CBSE 2025 · Set 31/3/3 · 3 marks

Why was Valli's excitement on the bus dampened on her return journey?

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